STIMULATING STUDENT NOTE- TAKING AND REVIEW: the effect of active learning with rapid feedback. Duncan Grant & Chris Grant TIRI Conference July 2015 Background Workshop Exercise Survey Discussion

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Ways of making notes

Notes and remembering

Notes - recap Use the way that suits you / suits what you are doing Supports active reading and listening Promotes understanding Provides reference material Essential for remembering

“One must learn by doing the thing, for though you think you know it - you have no certainty until you try.” (Sophocles, 5th c BCE) “I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand.” (Confucius, 5th/6th c BCE)

1.Todd Ricci uses 2 consoles. What are they? 2.What does he think is the benefit of using the older console? 3.Who owns it? 4.Name two things that are controlled with the newer console? 5.Which type of light is used for the bulk of the show? 6.What colour temperature are the house spots chipped to? 7.Why does he use this temperature? 8.What does he think is the problem with most LED lights? 9.As well as colour temp, what is the other main reason for using the main lights (as in Q5) 10.And finally, what is the message about Todd on the older console?

99% 95% <95%

Survey All students after 1 month 13% response rate All show significant improvement (95%) Other findings: Laptop users less likely to take notes Some lecturers tell students not to take notes

Discussion #1 Questions about note-taking Why does note taking help learning? Encoding / active learning External storage What is the impact of review? Why is it better to take notes on paper? Encoding v transcription Ability to structure / emphasise Less distraction “The act of typing effectively turns the note-taker into a transcription zombie, while the imperfect recordings of the pencil-pusher reflect and excite a process of integration, creating more textured and effective modes of recall.” Dan Rockmore (2014)

Discussion #2 What did we learn? Students can see the benefits of note taking and many will accept this and change their practice Active learning component probably helps with this Unplanned research can be worthwhile – carpe diem! A lot of electronic aids to note taking have been developed and can be very useful but, specifically in the lecture context, none has been proven to be as good as pencil and paper ‘Passive laptop’, like passive smoking, can be harmful

Thank you for listening. Any questions?

REFERENCES Backstage Academy [accessed 24/6/2015] Brigham Young University (2014) Lest they forget videos/articles-and-videos/lest-they-forget [accessed: 23/2/2015] Ebbinghaus, H (1885, Tr Ruger, H & Bussenius, C, 1913) Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology [accessed 11/1/2015] EventElevator (2013), Lighting Director Todd Ricci about his work for Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band, [accessed 6/10/2014] Fisher, J & Harris, M (1973). Effect of note taking and review on recall. Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol 65(3), Dec 1973, Hembrook, H & Gay, G (2003) The Laptop and the Lecture, Journal of Computing in Higher Education Fall 2003, Vol. 15(1) Mueller, PA & Oppenheimer, DM (2014), The Pen Is Mightier Than the Keyboard: Advantages of Longhand Over Laptop Note Taking Psychological Science OnlineFirst, Rickards & Freidman (1978) The encoding versus the external storage hypothesis in note taking Contemporary Educational Psychology Volume 3, Issue 2, April 1978, Pages 136–143 Rockmore, D (2014) The case for banning laptops in the classroom Sana, F, Weston, T, and Cepeda, N (2013) Laptop multitasking hinders classroom learning for both users and nearby peers, Computers & Education Volume 62, March 2013, Pages 24–31 Survey Monkey [SURVEY PREVIEW MODE] BACKSTAGE ACADEMY - NOTE TAKING. During your Learning Skills Workshop with Duncan Grant in October 2014, one of the aspects covered was note taking, We’d now like to ask you some questions about this subject. Survey (no date) Available at: fGKQFsc%2fex3gv9xMjw%2f9LIgM7BNXVhp8cFN6wtkji1qH5%2ft0wi9yCMvYLvs%3d [accessed: 8 July 2015]