 Magic and Science ◦ How did people who believed in magic learn about nature? ◦ How do scientists learn about nature?

 Students will understand the influence of revolution and social change in the transition from early modern to contemporary societies. ◦ Assess the importance of intellectual and cultural change on early modern society. ◦ Analyze the significant ideas and philosophies of the scientific revolution.

 Little difference between science and magic ◦ Alchemists  Spells  Magic formulas  Lead into gold ◦ Astrologers ◦ Aristotle ◦ Natural philosophers  Roger Bacon  Scientific exploration  Mostly alchemy  Great teacher  Relied on religious teachings and the classics

 Spirit of the Renaissance ◦ Curiosity ◦ Investigation ◦ Discovery ◦ Experiment ◦ Mathematics ◦ Instruments ◦ Humanism

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 Geocentric vs. Heliocentric ◦ Published heliocentric theory (1543) ◦ Received little attention

 Used scientific method to prove Copernicus’ theory  Published Laws of Planetary Motion 1609

 Telescope ◦ Mountains and valleys of the moon ◦ Saturn ◦ Sun spots ◦ Jupiter’s moons  Physics  Published in 1632 ◦ Inquisition ◦ Renounced his ideas ◦ House arrest

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 Law of universal gravitation ◦ All bodies attract each other ◦ Attraction can be measured  Laws of motion ◦ Inertia  An object at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.  An object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.  Gravity  Seatbelt ◦ Acceleration F=MA ◦ For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction.  Rocket  jumping

 Andreas Vesalius ◦ Anatomy ◦ On the Fabric of the Human Body  William Harvey ◦ Circulation ◦ Heart

 French philosopher and mathematician  Discourse on Method ◦ All assumptions had to be proven on the basis of known facts ◦ “I think therefore I am”  Refraction (optics)

 Scientific theories could be developed only through observation  Novum Organum

 Gottfried Liebnitz ◦ Calculus  Antoni van Leeuwenhoek ◦ Used microscope to study bacteria  Robert Boyle ◦ Chemistry  Joseph Priestly ◦ Oxygen  Antoine Lavoisier ◦ Law of the conservation of matter  Matter changes form but doesn’t go away  Oxygen and fire  Steam and air

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 scientific method  geocentric theory  heliocentric theory  Roger Bacon  Nicolaus Copernicus  Johannes Kepler  Galileo  Isaac Newton  Andreas Vesalius  Rene Descartes  Francis Bacon  Robert Boyle