Lim, Joohee Nam, Yujin Park, Nari Linguistic Issue In New Zealand

Contents Past Present Future

Language of New Zealand Official languages Native languages Immigrant languages Multilingual society

The History of Immigration Polynesian settlement Migration from 1840 Post World War II migration Introduction of points-based system

Polynesian settlement In the 13 th Century The Polynesian ancestors of the Maori Unique ‘Maori Culture & Language’

Late of 18 th Cen. 1769, James Cook –The First inflow of English 1792,The First English-speaking settler –From penal colony in Sydney The 1840 Treaty of Waitangi –From Australia and Britain –Maori were outnumbered

Post World War II migration 1950,Accepted 5,000 refugees A labor shortage –A bilateral agreement for skilled migrants Netherlands End of 1960, a large demand for unskilled labor –From the South Pacific

points-based system 1987, a new Immigration Act –Classified migrants on their skills, personal qualities and potential contribution to NZ economy and society 1991, Requiring IELTS score

Maori English English spoken by Maori ethnic dialect and social dialect Representing desire for their solidarity Maori grammar applied to English Ex) ‘plural’ is showed in a definitive

Languages of NZ The number of languages listed for New Zealand is 4. Of those, 3 are living languages and 1 is a second language without mother-tongue speakers.

Languages of NZ 1)Living languages ① English : Spoken by 95.9% of people ② Maori : Spoken by 4.1% of people ③ New Zealand Sign Language(24,090) 2) Second language ① Pitcairn-Norfolk

Languages of NZ Afrikaans, Assyrian Neo-Aramaic, Fijian, Hakka Chinese, Hindi, Japanese, Korean, Latvian, Niue, Pukapuka, Samoan, Tahitian, Tokelauan, Tongan, Tuvaluan, Yue Chinese, Arabic…

New Zealanders vs. other ethnic groups

Ethnic groups in NZ 2006 census

Percentage of population born overseas 2006 census

Rankings of Nine Most Common Overseas Birthplaces in the 2006 Census, Compared with 2001 census

New Zealand English Close to Australian English But has several subtle differences - more affinity with southern England English - influence of Maori speech - the flattened I

Dialects within NZ English One group of speakers is recognised as having a distinct way of talking → the south of the South Island (Murihiku) harbours a "Celtic fringe" of people Because this southern area formed a traditional repository of immigration from Scotland

Immigration Regulation First restriction were imposed in 1881 The prejudice against Asians, especially Chinese Since 1986, the policy has broken discrimination against non-British

Immigration Regulation Money and English ability are required - Immigration Amendment Act 1991 : A modest level of English was required. Business immigrants were expected to transfer at least NZ$150,000 to New Zealand. Ability in English language was assessed at interviews

Education in New Zealand

1.Early childhood education – culturally appropriate 2.Primary and Secondary schools – free for New Zealand citizens and permanent residents 3. Tertiary education – equitable and affordable access The provision of flexible pathways for study

Early child hood Education education and care for young children and infants from birth to six A wide range of early childhood services is available English – the medium language Maori, Pacific island or other language

Birth – 5 years old : 60% 3 years old : 90% 4 years old : 98% * Participation rates for different ethnicities vary In New Zealand early childhood education services are not state-owned, provided or managed

Primary and secondary school Education Schooling is available to children from age 5 and is compulsory from ages 6to 16 1.Primary school start at year 1 and continues until year 8 2. Secondary school covers years 9 to 13 ( during which students are aged 13 to 17)

Most schools are English language medium, but some schools teach in the Maori medium. Kura Kaupapa Maori- based on Maori culture and value

NCEA The National Certificate of Educational Achievement the national senior secondary school qualification. NCEA level 1 is comparable overall to these qualification. - the British General certificate of secondary education - Canada or The U.S. grade 10 - year 10 awards in a number of Australian states.

Tertiary education All aspects of post-school education and training 36 public tertiary - 8 universities - 21 institutes of technology and polytechnics - 4 college of education - 3 wanaga (maori tertiary education institutions)

Bachelor’s degrees from New Zealand tertiary education providers are comparable overall to: British Bachelor’s degrees Australia bachelor’s degrees

895 private training establishments, - which include private English language school, registered by the NZ qualification Authority. - Preparation programs for the IELTS and TOEFL English language provision

conclusion