Feudalism in Europe Chapter 13 Section 2 http://www.history.com/videos/the-vikings-raid-england#bet-you-didnt-know-vikings

I New Invasions Trouble Western Europe A I New Invasions Trouble Western Europe A. Vikings: Raiders, Traders, Explorers Vikings: Raiders, Traders, & Explorers Vikings are from Scandanavia Germanic ppl AKA Northmen or Norsemen who worshiped warlike gods Attacked, looted, retreated before local troops responded Leif Ericson reached NA 500 yrs Before Columbus Warming trend in Europe made farming easierled to decline in attacks Adopted Christianitystopped raiding monastaries

Magyars & Muslims As Viking invasions decline Magyars begin Magyars= nomadic ppl & great horseback riders Didn’t settle conquered areas but captured ppl and sold them into slavery Overran Italy reached as far as Burgundy (France) Muslims= excellent sailors controlled Med. Sea & disrupted trade Both caused disorder &suffering No saftey + no ruler for power = local rulers & local armies

II Feudalism Structures Society Rollo= leader of Viking army Charles the simple= king of France Charles grants Rollo large piece of French land which they called northmen’s land (Normandy) In return, Rollo swore loyalty to Charles

A. A New Social Order Manny alliances like that of Rollo & Charles formed Feudalism Lord (landowner) grants a fief (piece of land) to vassal (person receiving land) in return for military protection Rollo= vassal & Charles= lord Feudalism depended on the control of land

B. Feudal Pyramid King Lords (Vassals) = church officials & nobles Knights (Vassals)= warriors pledged to protect lords land in return for fief Landless peasants toiled the land

C. Social Classes are Well Defined 3 medieval groups Those who fought= nobles & knights Those who prayed= men & women of church Those who worked= the peasants Majority of ppl were peasants who could also be serfs Serfs= ppl who could not legally leave the palace in which they were born Serfs were bound to land but were not slaves because lords could not sell or buy them Wealth of feudal lords depended on work of peasants

III Manors: The Economic Side of Feudalism Manor = the lords estate (property) Manor system= the economic arrangement Lord provided serfs w/ housing, farmland, protection in return for serfs tending the land

A. Self Contained World Peasants rarely traveled any more than 25 from manor Manor consisted of lords manor house, church, workshops Manor was self-sufficient com. Serfs & peasants raised or produced nearly all they & their lord needed for daily life

B. Harshness of manor Life Peasants paid high price for living on lords land Tax on all grain ground in lords mill Crime to avoid tax by baking break somewhere else Tax on marriage Weddings took place only with the lords consent After payments to lord, peasants owed village priest a tithe Tithe= church tax (1/10 of income) Accepted harsh life because medieval Christians believed god predetermined someone’s place in life