Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives Government –LO 1.1: Describe the key functions of government and explain why they matter. Politics –LO 1.2: Define the various aspects of politics.

Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives The Policymaking System –LO 1.3: Assess how citizens can have an impact on public policy and how policies can impact people. Democracy –LO 1.4: List the key principles of democracy, theories regarding how it works in practice, and challenges it faces today.

Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives The Scope of Government in America –LO 1.5: Explain the debate in America over the proper scope of government.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

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LO 1.1 To Learning Objectives

Chapter 1: Introducing Government in America Government Politics The Policymaking System Democracy The Scope of Government in America Summary

Government LO 1.1: Describe the key functions of government and explain why they matter.  Government makes public policies made for society.  Governments perform 5 basic functions. Maintain a national defense. Provide public services. Preserve order. Socialize the young. Collect taxes. To Learning Objectives

LO 1.1 To Learning Objectives

Define the various aspects of politics.  Politics is the process by which we select our governmental leaders and what policies they pursue.  Harold Lasswell defines politics: who gets what, when, and how. To Learning Objectives

LO 1.2 To Learning Objectives

 People Shape Policy  Policies Impact People To Learning Objectives Policymaking Process

LO 1.3 To Learning Objectives

The Policymaking System  Policies Impact People Public policy is a choice that government makes in response to a political issue. Policy impacts are the effects a policy has on people and problems. LO 1.3 To Learning Objectives

LO 1.3 To Learning Objectives

LO 1.3 To Learning Objectives

Democracy LO 1.4: List the key principles of democracy, theories regarding how it works in practice, and challenges it faces today.  Traditional Democratic Theory  Three Contemporary Theories of American Democracy  Challenges to Democracy  American Political Culture and Democracy  A Culture War?  Preview Questions about Democracy To Learning Objectives

Democracy  Traditional Democratic Theory Democracy is a system in which policy represents and responds to the public’s preferences. Five components of Traditional Democratic Theory are equality in voting, effective participation, enlightened understanding, citizen control of the agenda, and inclusion. LO 1.4 To Learning Objectives

Democracy  Democracy is a system in which policy represents and responds to the public’s preferences  Three Contemporary Theories of American Democracy Pluralist Theory: politics is mainly a competition among groups, each one pressing for its own preferred policies. Groups must bargain and compromise to get policies. LO 1.4 To Learning Objectives.

Democracy  Three Contemporary Theories of American Democracy (cont.) Elite and Class Theory: societies are divided along class lines and that an upper-class elite will rule. Policies benefit those with money and power. LO 1.4 To Learning Objectives

Democracy  Three Contemporary Theories of American Democracy (cont.) Hyperpluralism: competing groups are so strong that government is weakened. Confusing and contradictory policies result from politicians trying to placate every group. LO 1.4 To Learning Objectives

Democracy  Challenges to Democracy Increased complexity of issues make it harder for citizens to make decisions. Limited participation in government, especially voting. Escalating campaign costs stop people from running for office. Diverse political interests result into policy gridlock. LO 1.4 To Learning Objectives

Democracy  American Political Culture and Democracy Political culture is an overall set of values widely shared within a society. Five elements of American political culture are liberty, egalitarianism, individualism, laissez-faire, and populism. LO 1.4 To Learning Objectives

LO 1.4 To Learning Objectives

LO 1.4 To Learning Objectives

Democracy  A Culture War? James Q. Wilson believes that America is a more polarized nation today than at any time in living memory. Other scholars believe that there is relatively little evidence of a so- called culture war going on among ordinary American citizens. LO 1.4 To Learning Objectives

Culture War – A Myth That Polarizes America?

IA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg3_PoliticalCulture_v2.html 1 Video: In Context

Scope of Government? Too Big?

The Scope of Government in America  How Active Is American Government? Spends $3.8 trillion yearly. Employs 2.8 million civilians and 1.4 million in the military. It owns one-third of the land in the United States. It occupies 2.6 billion square feet of office space.

LO 1.5 To Learning Objectives

IA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg5_IntroAmrGov_v2.html 1 Video: In the Real World

_1/polisci/presidency/Edwards_Ch01_Introducing_Governme nt_in_America_Seg6_v2.html 1 So What? Why You Need to Pay Attention to Politics?

The Scope of Government in America  Preview Questions about the Scope of Government What role did the Constitution’s authors foresee for the federal government? Does the public favor a large, active government? Is Congress too responsive to the demands of the public and organized interests? To Learning Objectives

LO 1.1 Summary  Describe the key functions of government and explain why they matter. All governments perform include maintaining a national defense, providing public services, preserving order, socializing the young, and collecting taxes. These functions matter because they impact our lives. To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Which of the following is an example of a public good? A.College education B.Automobile insurance C.Home ownership D.National defense LO 1.1 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Which of the following is an example of a public good? A.College education B.Automobile insurance C.Home ownership D.National defense LO 1.1 To Learning Objectives

LO 1.2 Summary  Define the various aspects of politics. Politics determines who our leaders are and what policies they pursue. The who of politics is the voters, candidates, parties, and groups; the what is the benefits and burdens of government; the how is the various ways in which people participate in politics. To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Politics determines who we select as our governmental leaders and policies these leaders pursue. A.who B.what C.when D.how LO 1.2 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Politics determines who we select as our governmental leaders and policies these leaders pursue. A.who B.what C.when D.how LO 1.2 To Learning Objectives

LO 1.3 Summary  Assess how citizens can have an impact on public policy and how policies can impact people. Citizens’ interests and concerns are transmitted through linkage institutions to the policy agenda of the policymaking institutions. The policies that are made then influence peoples’ lives. To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman All of the following are considered linkage institutions EXCEPT A.the media. B.interest groups. C.political parties. D.courts. E.elections. LO 1.3 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman All of the following are considered linkage institutions EXCEPT A.the media. B.interest groups. C.political parties. D.courts. E.elections. LO 1.3 To Learning Objectives

LO 1.4 Summary  List the key principles of democracy, theories regarding how it works in practice, and challenges it faces today. Key principles of democracy are equality in voting, effective participation, enlightened understanding, citizen control of the agenda, and inclusion. To Learning Objectives

LO 1.4 Summary  List the key principles of democracy, theories regarding how it works in practice, and challenges it faces today. The theories regarding how democracy works in practice are the pluralist theory, elitist and class theory, and hyperpluralist theory. To Learning Objectives

LO 1.4 Summary  List the key principles of democracy, theories regarding how it works in practice, and challenges it faces today. Challenges democracy faces today are complexity of issues today, citizens’ limited participation, escalating campaign costs, and the policy gridlock resulting from diverse political interests. To Learning Objectives

LO 1.5 Summary  Explain the debate in America over the proper scope of government. Politicians debate if the scope of government responsibilities is too vast, just about right, or not comprehensive enough. This debate concerns whether the goals that are agreed to be important are best achieved through government action or rather through means other than government. To Learning Objectives