Malnutrition Signs and Symptoms Risk Groups. Hunger Hunger is a recurrent, involuntary lack of access to food. Hunger may produce malnutrition over time.

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Presentation transcript:

Malnutrition Signs and Symptoms Risk Groups

Hunger Hunger is a recurrent, involuntary lack of access to food. Hunger may produce malnutrition over time. Dietz, W.H., & Trowbridge, F.L. (1990, August). Symposium on the identification and prevalence of undernutrition in the United States: Introduction. The Journal of Nutrition, 120(8), (p. 917).

Malnutrition Inappropriate nutrient consumption Impairment of physical and mental health for an individual Low productivity for communities

Undernutrition (general) Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) Mild—stunting, underweight Severe—reduced head circumference, wasting, starvation Hidden hungers (vitamin and mineral deficiencies)

Chronically Undernourished 842 Million Worldwide

Stunted Children 215 Million Worldwide

Underweight Children 180 Million Worldwide

Wasting and Starvation Wasting—person seriously below the normal weight for her or his height due to lack of food Starvation—person exhibits extreme or prolonged lack of food Deterioration and ultimate death

The Realities of PEM kwashiorkormarasmus

Hidden Hungers May have adequate protein and calories Lack vitamins and minerals Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA)

Iodine Deficiency Disorders GoiterCretinism

Iron Deficiency Anemia anemianormal blood

Vitamin A Reproduction Growth and cellular differentiation Development of mucus-forming cells Resistance to infection Xerophthalmia

Populations At-risk Poor Refugees Parasite-infected Infants and children Women