What is an enzyme? Type of protein. Catalyzes / Speeds up a chemical reaction. Decreases Energy of Activation.
What are the 6 biological elements? C H O N P S
What are the 4 types of biomolecules? Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids
What is the function of carbohydrates? Short Term Energy storage
What is the function of nucleic acids? Store and transmit genetic information.
What are some examples of carbohydrates? Fruit Grains Glucose and Fructose Cellulose and Starch Sugars in general…
What are phospholipids? Type of lipids Main biomolecule in cell membranes
What is the function of protein? Catalyzes chemical reactions. Provides cell structure.
What is the function of lipids? Long Term Energy storage Cell Membranes Chemical messaging
What is the monomer of carbohydrates? Monosaccharide (simple sugar)
What is the monomer of nucleic acids? Nucleotide
What is the monomer of lipids? Fatty Acids Glycerol
What is the monomer of proteins? Amino Acids
What is hydrolysis? Chemical Reaction Water Added Break down large molecules
What is dehydration? Chemical Reaction Remove Water Build larger molecules
What is hemoglobin? Type of protein Contains Iron Binds with oxygen in blood
What does it mean to be “polar”? Uneven distribution of electrons across the surface of a molecule. Water = Polar Head of phospholipids = Polar
Describe the charge distribution of water molecules: Hydrogen = slightly positive Oxygen = slightly negative
What is a valence electron? Outermost electron of atom Forms bonds
What is ATP? Adenosine Triphosphate Energy storing molecule
How does ATP store energy? Phosphate bonds Add a Phosphate = Store Energy
How can energy be released from ATP? Removal of a phosphate ATP ADP
What is homeostasis? Maintenance of internal stability Maintaining internal conditions
What is the nucleus? Cell organelle Stores DNA “Control Center” Contains info needed to make proteins
What’s found in the nucleus? DNA Chromatin Chromosomes Nucleolus
What do mitochondria do? Cellular Respiration Release stored energy from carbohydrates
What is the function of the cell membrane? Protect the cell Maintain what enters and exits
What is diffusion? The movement of molecules from an area of HIGH to LOW concentration.
What is equilibrium? “Same” on “both sides”
What is active transport? Movement of particles against a concentration gradient. ENERGY NEEDED!
What is osmosis? The movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane. High to Low water concentration.
What will happen to a salt-water cell placed in fresh-water? It will burst Water will rush in High Low
What are ribosomes? Cell organelles Make protein
What is an acid? Molecule which dissociates in water Releases Hydrogen Ions
What is a base? Molecule which dissociates in water Releases Hydroxide Ions
How does your blood maintain pH? Bicarbonate / Carbonate Buffer Too Acidic Carbonate binds with H+ Bicarbonate Too Basic Bicarbonate releases H+ Carbonate
How is matter related to all living systems? All living systems are made of matter All living systems cycle and transfer matter