Chapter 8 The Middle Ages By Frank Bommarito

Medieval Europe Medieval Europe occurred shortly after the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 AD After the fall of the Romans, Europe basically became “up for grabs” Medieval European countries and states were constantly being invaded or attacked by stronger empires The major kingdoms and empires were the German states, Vikings, Muslims, Normans, and later, the Holy Roman Empire Besides the change in the landscape of Europe, many other things were changing as well

Feudalism After various invasions on the newly separated lands that were once the Roman empire, a system called feudalism emerges In feudalistic society kings were virtually powerless Instead of kings, Lords, or local noblemen, ruled over their piece of land For this land, vassals had to exchange service On this land, lived peasants who worked the farms everyday This allowed for the people on the feif to live off the land

Feudal Warfare From the feudal society came a unique type of warfare Knights were the warriors They lived by a strict code for everyday life called Chivalry Chivalry- code of conduct a) Greatly stressed bravery, honesty and generosity

a)Nuns and Monks had complete dedication The Medieval Church The only thing that crossed the many boundaries of the Middle Ages was the Medieval Church They educated many kings and lords They owned enormous pieces of land and offered Church indulgences for the forgiveness of sins People who committed heresy or questioned the church were usually excommunicated by the pope It was believed that the best way to serve God was to dedicate their whole life to his service a)Nuns and Monks had complete dedication

Medieval Culture and Technology Architecture had major advances, especially that of Cathedrals. a)Romanesque (columns,arches and domes) b)Gothic (windows and flying buttresses) Literature had two revolutionary writers emerge: Dante and Chaucer New inventions such as the improved plow, horse shoe, water mill, and wind mill made farm life easier Also with these inventions came a growth in trade Middle class emerged due to the new job oppurtunities

Science bloomed as well did medicine and education The Church,however, still had the main authority on almost all issues Universities began teaching the ideas of Aristotle, Roman Law and were also run by the clergy

The Crusades In 1071 Seljuk Turks conquer Jerusalem and torture the Christians Pope Urban II preaches the Crusade to recapture the Holy Land in 1095 reunite the church control the Holy Land increase prestige of the Church response was great salvation, greed The crusades lasted until1212

After the crusades The Church’s power temporarily increased but the crusades also tarnished the Church’s image Many people saw how the church would kill to stay in power Europe also began to change more quickly

Review 1) In Europe during the Middle Ages, increases in trade and commerce resulted in  1.  lower living standards for industrial workers  2.  decreased economic rivalry between kings  3.  increased political power for the clergy  4.  development of towns and cities 2) All things were under its domain...its power was such that no one could hope to escape its scrutiny.” Which European institution during the Middle Ages is best described by this statement? the Guild Knighthood the Church the nation-state

3) In Europe during the Middle Ages, the force that provided unification and stability was the  1.  central government in Rome  2.  military alliance between France and Germany  3.  federation of the craft guilds  4.  Roman Catholic Church 4) Which is a characteristic of a feudal society?  1.  rapid social change high literacy rate industrial-based economy rigid class structure  

5) Which economic system existed in Europe during the early Middle Ages?  1.  free market  2.  socialism  3.  manorialism  4.  command Answer Key: 1) Choice 4 2) Choice 3 3) Choice 4 4) Choice 4 5) Choice 3

In Conclusion At the end of the middle ages there were many changes from the previous Empires The Middle ages ended with the black death It was a spread of the bubonic plague that eventually would go on to kill 1 of every 3 people in Europe It also caused a complete economic crash

Important Dates 1066: William Duke of Normandy crossd into England and declared himself King of England 1348: Middle ages end