Agenda – Academic 12/13 1.Bellringer: Converse using at least the first list of flocabulary you had for homework. 2.Realism/Naturalism PP – what’s that?(25) 3.Native Son PP 4.Write: Nature Vs. Nurture & Fear – Also, find in text. 5.Context/Read – as a class, groups, partners, individually, listen. 6.Closure: Predictions? Why? Think naturalism. Homework: Write a prediction as to how Book 1 will end. Native Son Context and poems Flocab list 1 – paragraph about the story Study Affix list 3 (the most recent )

Agenda-Honors 12/13 Bellringer: How can you make orations memorable? If you had to tell a long heroic poem about a legendary figure who uses strength, cunning, and help from the gods to survive perilous trials – and you have to use elevated, solemn language throughout, how would you do it? (5) Finish Presentations ASAP (50 Epics? (10) Beowulf background/reading (25) Closure: What are devices used for? Qualities of epics? Homework: Characteristics of a hero (2) Good vs. Evil (2) Temptation vs. Responsibility (2) Anglo-Saxon Ideology(2) Paganism vs. Christianity (2) Study 9 & 10

Ms. Sloop English 10

 The language in its simplest form was brought to Britain by Germanic tribes: the Angles, Saxons, Frisians, and Jutes  The language was influenced by Latin and Greek when St. Augustine and his followers converted England to Christianity  The language was subtly enriched by the Danes after their invasion  The language was transformed by the French- speaking Normans after their invasion

 The Celts (called Britons) inhabited the British Isles.  The Celtic Britons had the misfortune to inhabit an island that was highly desirable both for its agriculture and minerals.  People started to invade…

 In 55 B.C., Julius Caesar and his legions invaded Britain.  In A.D. 410, the Roman Empire collapsed and the Roman troops left Britain.  Other people began to turn their attention to Britain.

 In 449 A.D., the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes sailed across the North Sea from Denmark and Germany.  Native tribes (led perhaps by King Arthur) fought against the Germanic tribes  Eventually, the Germanic tribes were driven westward by the Anglo-Saxon warriors.

 When the Anglo-Saxons landed on the shores of Britain, they introduced the island to the English language.  We refer to this language as Old English.

 Anglo-Saxons settled down and began farming:  Sheep, shepherd, ox, earth, plough, swine, dog, wood, field, and work are words of Anglo-Saxon origin  The 100 most common words in modern English are of Anglo-Saxon origin.  The, is, you, etc.  Because Anglo-Saxons were the dominant tribe in the land, it was called Angle-land (now England).

 Anglo-Saxons relied on speech because theirs was an oral culture.  They loved riddles, ambiguity, word-play, etc.

 I’m told a certain object grows in the corner, rises and expands, throws up a crust. A proud wife carried off that boneless wonder, the daughter of a King covered that swollen thing with a cloth.  Answer…

 In A.D. 597, St. Augustine and his followers traveled to Britain to convert the Anglo-Saxons  Though the Anglo-Saxons were known to be savage, the conversion was peaceful…no bloodshed, no martyrs  The Anglo-Saxons built churches and monasteries

 With the conversion, Anglo-Saxons were introduced to more than 400 new words (Latin and Greek in origin)  Many are still here today:  angel, disciple, litany, mass, relic, etc.

 Between A.D. 750 and 1050, Scandinavian people moved all over Europe, plundering, conquering, and settling different lands.  In A.D. 793, they came to Britain…

 The Vikings gained much control of North and Eastern England. By the middle of the ninth century, almost half the country was in Viking hands.  The Vikings went after the jewel of the island…Southern England (Wessex).

 The king of Wessex, a young man named Alfred, successfully maintained control of one part of Britain.  When he saved Wessex, he saved the English language.

 King Alfred worked to restore his kingdom.  He forced the Vikings to a truce and to accept Christianity.  He rebuilt monasteries and schools.  He used English as a basis for education.

 Since Danes and Saxons lived side by side, their languages fused so they could communicate ( Beowulf demonstrates this change).  During this time period, the language was simplified also for the purpose of communication.

 In 1066, the Normans invaded Britain, changing English forever.  Normans seized control over everything, churches, court, etc.  French was spoken everywhere  Thus began what is known as The Medieval Period

 Although French was spoken at court, in law, etc., the English people kept their own language alive orally.  English survived because…  It was well established  Normans began to marry the English  There were more English than Normans

 The Normans increased the Anglo- Saxon vocabulary. Many synonyms began to appear.  The Normans gave the Anglo- Saxons the opportunity to make distinctions and adjust meaning through language.

 Based on Celtic and Scandinavian folk legends  Contains Christian as well as pagan elements.  First great work in the English language, presumably written around A.D.  Page from 1000 A.D. manuscript

 Characteristics of a hero (2)  Good vs. Evil (2)  Temptation vs. Responsibility (2)  Anglo-Saxon Ideology(2)  Paganism vs. Christianity (2)