Political system – monarch &nobles make alliances (land exchanged for loyalty & military aid)
Central government became weak.
King (monarch) gives land/fief (and peasants/serfs) to Nobles who give loyalty and military aid
King Lords/nobles Vassals (each lord serves someone of higher rank) Knights Peasants/serf (farmers, artisans)
TThere was lots of warfare (remember, no central govt) so they were 1 st begun for protection/defense
Wood 1 st, then stone w/ thick walls and towers (turrets) Built on a hill or mound Moat and drawbridge major defenses against invaders Keep (square building) Open area around keep (bailey) includes: barracks, storerooms, workshops, chapel
Lord – total control; governs manor & castle Collected rent from peasants (goods) Noblewoman/lady Jobs – needlework, making medicines, supervise estate
LLand/fief can be passed on to heir (sons) – land stays in the family
They get land (called fiefs) and the income lets them buy horses and battle gear
77 – page (lord’s assistant) 115 – squire (help knight, learns to use weapons) KKnight – prove self in battle; trained to fight on horseback
Defend Christian church Be brave in battle Fight fair Treat noble women with gentleness
Mock battles (jousting, sword fighting) Entertainment (minstrels sing, storytelling )
Agricultural system - nobles/lords, serfs/peasants get food, shelter, and protection.
Nobles/lords give peasants protection, food, shelter Serfs/peasants give lord part of what they produce (satisfy lords material needs )
Serfs are bound to the land, but they are not slaves. They cannot be sold without the land.
FFarmers (most) SSome days – laborers (repair roads/bridges) BBlacksmiths, carpenters, shoemakers, millers, vinters, brewers WWomen – make candles, cloth, sew
PPLOW – took less time NNew system of planting (3 fields vs 2 fields); new system left 1 field fallow – unplanted and 2 fields were planted
Serfs/peasants get little freedom or opportunity, but they do get protection/security
Spiritual, political, social leader in Europe Catholic Pope – authority over all Christians God’s grace earned by sacraments Service in Latin People couldn’t read – learned religion from statues, paintings, stained glass windows
Pope, bishops, priests = secular – lived “in the world” Monks, nuns = live monastic life ( life dedicated to God, apart from rest of society ). Monks – cannot own property or marry, must follow monastic rules (simple clothes, plain food, vows of silence & poverty) Nuns – convent, prayer and making things with their hands
Monks – copy religious works and classical writings ( preserved ancient knowledge & religious information alive when few could read/write ) Schools, hospitals, food for poor, place for travelers Teach carpentry, weaving, farming Missionaries – results? Mid 1000s most of western Europe is Christian
“Great Charter” – limits absolute power of king, some trace our Constitution to this document.
King John was forced to sign it by his nobles. Why did they do that? The King raised their taxes &put his enemies in jail w/o a trial.
Put limits on the power of the king No taxes w/o agreement of a council Freemen are guaranteed right to trial by jury Ultimately, it came to guarantee rights for all Englishmen (instead of just the nobles)