Pitcture from Designed by Pyeongsug Kim ©2010 CNS system Part I Supplemental instruction

________________ -A sheet of neural tissue that is outermost to the cerebrum of the brain. -Gray matter? White matter? - 5 lobes: _______________________________ Cerebral cortex Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital, & insula Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010

A B C D F E G H A: E: B: F: C: G: D: H: Frontal lobe Temporal lobe Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Insula! Five Five paired lobes! Gyri- elevated Sulci- grooves Precentral gyrus Postcentral gyrus Central sulcus Cerebellar hemisphere -Precentral gyrus of frontal lobe is involved in (motor control/sensory input). -Postcentral gyrus of parietal lobe receives (motor control/sensory input) controlled by precentral gyrus Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010

Temporal lobe Occipital lobe Five Five paired lobes: Frontal, Temporal, Parietal, Insula, & occipital ___________ contains auditory centers; interpretation and association of auditory and visual information; Verbal memory ___________ is responsible for vision and coordination of eye movements. ___________ sensory and motor interpretation, speech, spatial interpretation, formulating words to express thoughts and emotions. Parietal lobe Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010

________ memory encoding, Sensory (principally pain) and visceral integration, stress response; beneath and overlapping other lobes. Insula _________ Motor control of skeletal muscles; intellectual process (concentration, planning, decision making). Verbal communication. Frontal Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010

_________________ -masses of cell bodies located deep inside cerebrum. -Gray matter? White matter? -control of voluntary movement.(skeletal muscle) Basal Nuclei (Basal ganglia) Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010

_____________ :recorded from parietal and occipital lobes with person awake, relaxed, eyes closed. _____________:response to visual stimuli and mental activity. _____________: Common during adult sleep and in awake infants; In awake adult indicates brain damage _____________: Common in newborns In adults indicates severe emotional stress if present in adults, indicate stress. ________________________ Analysis of electrical activity in the brain. Electroencephalogram (EEG) Alpha waves Beta waves Theta waves Delta waves Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010

A(green) C What are the two structures crucial for emotions? B A: B: C: D: E: Limbic systemHypothalalmus Hippocampus Limbic system & Hypothalamus work together. Aggression fear feeding (satiety) sex drive reward/punishment Hypothalamus and limbic system are involved in the following feelings and behaviors: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) D Amygdala E Thalamus Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010

___________ -contains choroid plexus and pineal gland. ____________ secretes CSF. ____________ secretes melatonin *Melatonin: involved in sleep cycle and seasonal reproduction. ________ -relay center to cerebrum all sensory information except smell alertness. -Role in level of arousal. Thalamus Hypothalalmus Choose Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalamus Epithalamus choroid plexus pineal gland ____________ -integrates nervous and endocrine systems (hormone). -contains neural centers for hunger, thirst, body temperature. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010

Memory! Memory! Memory! ____________ -New memories,learning -consolidating of short-term memory into long-term memory Hippocampus _________ is crucial for fear memories.Amygdala _____________ -Higher order processing and planning Prefrontal cortex Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010

*Non-REM(sleep phase) has delta waves - Appears to be crucial for consolidation of short into long-term memory. Just Extra for memory….. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010

Hemispheres communicate thru the _______________. corpus callosum A A: corpus callosum -(Left/Right) hemisphere possesses language and analytical abilities. -(Left/Right) hemisphere is best at visuospatial tasks(images) Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010

A B C Language! Damage to either causes an _______. (speech impairment) A: B: C: Motor cortex(precentral gyrus) Broca’s area Wernicke’s area ___________motor coordination of speech; necessary for speech. Broca’s area ______________ is involved in language comprehension. Wernicke’s area aphasia Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010

Damage to Broca’s area  Comprehension good; Speech is slow and difficult, but motor ability is not damaged. Damage to _________________  Comprehension poor; Speech is fluent but meaningless. Wernicke’s area “Hi!.... m..y…na….mee… is…….K…..i…m.” “Hi! My socks are Kim. I want to color in to the football. You are sitting up English.” ?*(&*(&^^ Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010

______________ - involved in visual reflexes ______________- relay auditory information _______________________- involved in motor coordination Midbrain -visual and auditory reflexes -connects with cerebrum and cerebellum - Superior colliculi, Inferior colliculi, Red nucleus, substantia nigra Superior colliculi Inferior colliculi Red nucleus and substantia nigra Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010

______________ dopamine neurons degenerate in Parkinson’s disease. Substantia nigra Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010

A B C Hindbrain Contains______, _________,and _______ A: B: C: pons Medullar oblongata Celebellum __________ motor coordination; motor learning; trained voluntary activity __________ ataxia caused by damage to this area. ponscerebellum medulla cerebellum __________ Includes two important respiratory control centers pons ________________ several crucial centers for breathing and cardiovascular systems. Medullar oblongata Ataxia: Loss of the ability to coordinate muscular movement. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010

________________ -receives input from proprioceptors (joint, tendon and muscle receptors ) -Involved in coordinating movements and motor learning. -trained voluntary activity Cerebellar hemisphere(cerebellum) Picture from Performers in "AtaXia," a dance inspired by a neurological disorder. If damaged, causes _______.ataxia Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010

A B -(Sensory info/Motoractivity) from body travels to brain in (ascending/descending) spinal tracts. -(Sensory info/Motoractivity) from brain travels to body in (ascending/descending) tracts. - Descending tracts are called ____________ A: B: Postcentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex Precentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex Corticospinal (pyramidal) motor Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010

_________ is a simple sensory input, motor output circuit involving only peripheral nerves and spinal cord. Sometimes arc has an association(interneuron). -Involuntary Reflex Arc Knee-Reflex ___________- Sensory input and motor output.(w/o interneuron) Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010

Withrawal Reflex Withrawal Reflex - protective Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010

Congenital insensitivity to pain (CIPA) conditions where a person cannot feel (and has never felt) physical pain. -untreatable disease “Ashlyn Blocker, 5, must be checked for scrapes and cuts because she cannot feel pain.” “World without pain is hell, parent says” Teething has special complications for a child with CIPA, like accidental self-mutilation. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010