Wildlife Tracker: Complete Design Review MSD I Team P14347

Team P14347 “Arrow Guys” & Introduction Member Role Eric Peterson Team Leader / EE Alex Pelkey ME Joseph Ciccarello EE Frank Meola Timothy Nash

Agenda Progress Report Project Background System Analysis Mechanical Analysis Electrical Analysis Risk Assessment Test Plan MSD II Plan Questions

Progress Report Previous Questions: Google Maps API programming has been explored User Device Module Block Diagram Established (w/ Pin Connections) Arrow Attachment Deviation Experiment has been conducted Microcontroller selected Budget Finalized BOM refinement is in progress Received Linx Technology products Previous Questions: Further FCC regulations, 1W for a transmission of digitally modulated signals in our bandwidth (902-928 MHz) Using one active antenna on each device, multiple miniature embedded antennas on the arrow attachment

Current & Desired State Injured animals can travel substantial distances, may be difficult to track Game which has been shot and cannot be found leads to more animal deaths and inefficient hunting Wildlife Tracker will detach from arrow and remain attached to animal Handheld device will provide GPS location of animal

Stakeholders Primary Customer: Dr. Eli Saber Faculty Guide: Art North End Users: Bow Hunters Other: Hunting Stores/Distributors, Game Wardens, Environmental Activists, Linx Technologies MSD Team 14347

Project Deliverables Durable re-attachable tracking device that connects onto an arrow Handheld user device that monitors the location of the GPS attachment ‘Second Chance’ retrieval feature (In case shot is not fatal) Intuitive, easy to understand User Manual Cellphone GPS application

Benchmarking GameVector Deer Recover System $399.99 45 Grains (2.9 grams) Battery life of 48-72 hours Up to two mile range Tested for bows shooting up to 300 feet per second Currently sold out

Customer Requirements

Engineering Requirements

Functional Decomposition Locate Wildlife Attach to Arrow Access Arrow Attach to Wildlife Does not alter Shot Detach from Arrow Link to Animal Remains attached during Flight Protect Functional Integrity Safeguard Electronics Indicate Location of Attachment Device Transmit Signal Activate Transmitter Receive Signal Activate Receiver Process and Interpret Signal

Morphological Analysis Solutions Sub-Functions   1 2 3 4 5 Attach to Arrow Spring-Dowel Pin Clip Adhesive Magnet Attach to Wildlife Barbed Hook Pronged Tip Spring-Activated Clamp Retractable Prongs Transmit/Receive Signal Transponder WiMAX Cell Phone Signal Radio Waves Indicate Location Audio Speaker LCD Map Visual-Blinking LED Cellphone Integration Dial Indicator Protect Functional Integrity Enclosure Potting Compound Airbags? Activate Transmitter Accelerometer On/off switch Animal Circuit Activation

Physical Architecture GPS Satellites GPS Receiver iPhone Active Antenna(s) Google Maps GPS Receiver Battery Audio Jack On/Off Switch RF Transmitter Microcontroller Arrow Clip Hide Hook Tx Antenna RX Antenna RF Receiver Arrow Attachment Handheld Device

Bow Efficiency vs Arrow Weight Example B.W. Kooi - “On the Mechanics of the Bow and Arrow”

Front of Center Optimal F.O.C values were found at Goldtip.com and ArcheryReport.com

Arrow Trajectory

Form Factors

Arrow Flight Test Test Procedure Bow sights calibrated for regular arrow 5 shots fired from 20 meters of each design X and Y Distances measure from bulls-eye Calculate mean, median, standard deviation…etc

Test Attachments 400 Grain Carbon Arrows with 125 Grain Field Tips 65lb Martin “MAG CAT” Compound Bow

Testing Photos

Arrow Flight Test

Other Testing Notes The attachments ended up being much heavier than expected Arrow speed was not measured but was visibly slower for all attachments All attachments except the streamline were very loud when traveling through the air Experimental Video to display

Arrow Attachment Device Electronics

User Device Electronics

GPS Receiver Linx Technologies RXM-GPS-RM Includes evaluation kit Operating Voltage: 3.0-4.3V (Typically 3.3V) Supply Current: 12-14mA (Peak of 44mA) NMEA Output Messages Embedded Ceramic Antenna (not included) An application-programming interface (API) is a set of programming instructions and standards for accessing a Web-based software application or Web tool. -Basically it’s the modifiable code in the google maps application for which you may use to create “add-on” type features

GPS Receiver An application-programming interface (API) is a set of programming instructions and standards for accessing a Web-based software application or Web tool. -Basically it’s the modifiable code in the google maps application for which you may use to create “add-on” type features

RF Transceiver Linx Technologies TRM-915-R250 No evaluation kit included, plan to substitute using Raspberry Pi Operating Voltage: 3.3V Supply Current: Receive: 25mA Transmit: 60-200mA Frequency: 902-928MHz Can transmit to distances of up to 4km Relying on newer model being released this summer

Microcontroller Made by Microchip Technology Programmable Intelligent Computer Low Cost Widely Used Serial Programming in C MPLAB Free IDE provided by Microchip Operating Current 175μA Operating Voltage 2.0V – 5.5V

Antenna Selection TX Antenna: 66089 Series by Anaren 915MHz center frequency SWR <1.7 typical Gain: 3dBi Quarter wave RX Antenna: ANT-916 by Linx 916MHz center frequency SWR <1.9 typical Gain: 1.8dBi GPS Antenna: W3011A by Pulse Electronics Ceramic Gain: 3-3.3dBi 1.575GHz center frequency Surface mount

Conceptual Model of User Device

Power Consumption 𝑃=𝑉∗𝐼 Arrow Attachment Electronics Device Power Consumption (mW) GPS Receiver 42.9 RF Transmitter 330 Total: 372.9 User Device Electronics Device Power Consumption (mW) RF Receiver 25  Microcontroller 1 Total: 30

Google Maps Integration Handheld Device Application Google Maps Display Phone Location Receive GPS Coordinates Display GPS Coordinate Location Handheld Device Relay GPS Coordinates to Google Maps An application-programming interface (API) is a set of programming instructions and standards for accessing a Web-based software application or Web tool. -Basically it’s the modifiable code in the google maps application for which you may use to create “add-on” type features Store Locations on the Cloud as a “Map” Sends Save Command to Google Maps

Google Maps API

Action to Minimize Risk Risk Assessment A ID Risk Item Effect Cause Likelihood Severity Importance Action to Minimize Risk Owner 1 Effect on flight of the arrow The attachment could cause an inaccurate shot The aerodynamics of the arrow become faulty 3 9 Ensure the aerodynamics of the arrow are unaffected by the attachment Tim/Alex 2 Range of the Device Location of the animal unknown The animal becomes out of range of the device Wireless data transmission test Eric/Joe/Frank Enough holding force for the attachment to the arrow Tracker doesn’t stay on arrow during flight or impact Not enough holding force to the arrow Test by applying a pulling force to the attachment of the arrow 4 Unfamiliarity with wireless Transmitting/Receiving Difficulties choosing the best method for signal translation Lack of RF/wireless transmission knowledge Seek help from an expert in the signals field (ie. Dr. Amuso) 5 Circuitry size constraint Weight and size of arrow becomes too robust Unnecessary circuitry Keep the circuitry small enough to fit into your palm 6 Placement of mechanism onto arrow Cause injury/ harm to the user or effect the accuracy of the shot Placing the device towards the butt of the arrow Avoid placing the device towards the back or mid section of the arrow 7 Transceiver Dimensions Increases arrow attachment size To fit the transceiver, the attachment will have to be enlarged Adjust arrow dynamics of the arrow attachment, or find a smaller RF transceiver P14347

Action to Minimize Risk Risk Assessment B ID Risk Item Effect Cause Likelihood Severity Importance Action to Minimize Risk Owner 8 Loss of Signal Transmission Animal becomes lost Heavily wooded areas or obstacles blocking the signal of the attachment to the user device 2 3 6 Explore all frequencies for which the RF components can operate on, and select the frequency which provides the most minimal interference Eric/Joe/Frank 9 Animal falling on top of attachment The signals from the attachment will be seriously if not completely attenuated The body of the animal causes a median, for which signals cannot pass through Operate in a range of frequency, which signals can pass through the deer carcass Team P14347 10 Detachability of the device If the device doesn’t detach the attachment could block the penetration of the shot Faulty detachment mechanism 4 Test the device on different material surfaces Tim/Alex 11 Part Lead Times Delays in the projection Procrastination Ensure the parts are ordered ahead of schedule 12 Avoiding Patent Infringement Product can’t go to market Lack of attention to detail and patents 1 Be aware and research all current restraints by patents 13 Durability of attachment (Reusability) Device is fragile and requires replacing periodically Weak materials and poor construction of device Ensure that weak, brittle materials are a last resort 14 Budget Conservation Going over budget Poor budgeting Draft and follow a strict budget 15 Geometry of the device An alarming sound, alerting the animal Bulky geometry Computation model of the aerodynamic drag of the attachment

Test Plan

Bill of Materials

Project Plan for MSD II Prototyping Design 3D Printing Enclosures Application Development (for Google Maps Integration) Integrate the User Device Module Monitor budget Test for engineering requirements Utilize summer for further progress

Questions?