Microwave Electronics Lab Outline 1. Novel MIM Implementation of CRLH Structure 2. Electronically-Scanned 1D Leaky-Wave Antenna 3. 2D Leaky-Wave Antenna 4. 3D LH Metamaterial 5. RH/LH Surface Plasmons

Microwave Electronics Lab Novel CRLH Structure Implementation microstrip line series interdigital capacitor shunt spiral inductor T-junction via to ground unit cell interdigital capacitors shorted stub inductors Interdigital C & stub LMIM C & stub L LH RH 150 % BW CRLH line C’ larger  more compact multilayer  LTCC

Microwave Electronics Lab Electronically Scanned LW Antenna II. LW-LH III. LW-RH x y z θ I. Guided -LH Initial Backfire-to-Endfire CRLH Antenna Frequency-Scanned Beam source bwd fwd broadside longitudinal polarization Novel Electronically-Scanned Antenna Preliminary Results series varactor shunt varactor DC block bias wires

Microwave Electronics Lab 2D Leaky-Wave Antenna: Stucture 2.5D Textured Structure: Meta-Surface (“open”) 2D Lumped Element Structure: Meta-Circuit (“closed”) RH LH 2D interconnectionChip Implementation Enhanced Mushroom StructureUniplanar Interdigital Structure top patch sub-patches ground plane via

Microwave Electronics Lab 2D Leaky-Wave Antenna: Initial Result Measured Frequency Scanning Initial Prototype (top view) source ground plane via interdigital capacitor Structure Dispersion diagram

Microwave Electronics Lab 2D CRLH Surface: Extension of 1D Structure ground plane via interdigital capacitor substrate Alternative Design: Mushroom Structures Interdigital Implementation (2x2) Goal: FULL SPACE SCANNING for functional 2D LW antenna Assumptions: model  solution to Maxwell  small enough for accurate  matching technique available appropriate feeding mechanism Uniplanar Excellent in 1D Circuit Model OpenClosed Sievenpiper can include radiating slots Multiplanar !

Microwave Electronics Lab Validation of CRLH Approach and Model in 2D CRLH Model & Full-Wave Dispersion Diagram for Closed and Open Mushroom Observations: Excellent agreement for TEM  Maxwell ok with 2D open CRLH Leakage factor  small enough  can be neglected in model  accurate  and Z 0 Accurate LW radiation predictions expected #2 quasi-TEM #1 TE Extraction Technique: Cutoffs & Bloch Impedance

Microwave Electronics Lab Fields Distributions in Interdigital Structure Full Wave Dispersion Diagram Modes Distributions Mode2: LH, QUADI-TEM Mode 3: RH, TE Mode 4: RH, LH, QUADI-TEM TM

Microwave Electronics Lab Array Factor Approach of LW Structures (1D) Phased ArrayLeaky-Wave Structure linear phase: constant magnitude: excitation: feed at each element array factor: DISCRETEEFFECTIVELY HOMOGENEOUS linear phase : uniform structure exponentially decaying magnitude: excitation: induced by propagation array factor: directivity  N

Microwave Electronics Lab Comparison Ckt/AF and Measured Patterns Backward, 3.5 GHzBroadside, 3.9 GHzForward, 4.3 GHz meas. N = 25N = 100 RH LH

Microwave Electronics Lab Array Factor Approach for 2D LW Structures

Microwave Electronics Lab 3D-LH Metamaterial: TL Analysis

Microwave Electronics Lab 3D-LH Metamaterial: TL Dispersion Diagram LH RH

Microwave Electronics Lab 3D-LH Metamaterial: Possible Unit Cell

Microwave Electronics Lab 3D-LH Metamaterial: Preliminary Result LH So far, still flat, whereas LH => negative; should be achievable be reducing series L or increasing series C

Microwave Electronics Lab RH / LH Surface Plasmon in LC Network RH LH RH LH Voltage Magnitude Voltage Phase RH LH RH / LH Transmission Line Interface LHRH  MICROWAVE SP  Low-loss SP  frequency not related to physical length

Microwave Electronics Lab RH / LH Interface Plasmons (TM) SP light line non-radiative SP radiative SP SP gap conventional SP metal: diel.:   LH SP LH: RH:   Reference: R. Ruppin, “Surface Polaritons of Left-Handed Medium”, Phys. Lett. A 277 (2000), 61-64

Microwave Electronics Lab Dispersion Curves With Air Line and RSP one SP, non radiative SP two partly radiative SPs + 1 strange Still Under Investigation !!! Funny, no ? one SP, partly radiative branch point Brewster angle NOVELTIES: SPs exist  -scanned Brewster angle 2 Brewster angles possible