What is Environmental Science? Study of the impact of humans on the environment. 3 main focuses Conservation and protection of natural resources Environmental education and communication Environmental research

Pollution

Loss of Biodiversity

Energy Flow in Ecosystems

Biomes

Our Environment Through Time Hunter Gatherers Agricultural Revolution Industrial Revolution Characteristics Positive Effects on the Environment Negative Effects on the environment

Environmental problems 1. Resource Depletion Natural resources Renewable- can be replaced relatively quickly Ex; water, air, soil, trees Nonrenewable- forms at a slower rate Ex: fossil fuels, hardwoods, minerals Depleted- when large % is used up

Venn Diagram Renewable Nonrenewable Both

Renewable & Nonrenewable Resources Create a Venn Diagram Classify the following as either Renewable, Nonrenewable or both Ocean waves Salt Water Solar energy Wheat Natural Gas Diesel Plants Trees Wind energy Hydroelectric power Gasoline Leather fish Iron Air Sand Aluminum Coal Geothermal energy Paper Cows Soil Fossil fuels

2. Pollution Destroying air, water or soil 2 main types Biodegradable pollutants- can be broken down by natural process Ex: human sewage and food wastes Problem when they are created faster than can be broken down Nondegradable pollutants- can not be broken down Ex: mercury, lead, plastics Problem because they can build up to dangerous levels in the environment.

3. Loss of Biodiversity Biodiversity refers # and variety of species that live in an area. Extinction- last of a species is gone Mass extinctions

Cholera In 1854 a Cholera epidemic broke out in the slums of London. Severe diarrhea, vomiting and sweating Death can results in less than an hour. Dr. John Snow found the source and transmission agent of the 1854 Cholera Epidemic.

Poison Pump Activity Questions How did cholera get into the water used by the people who lived on Broad Street? Why are we unlikely to contract cholera living in North America? What are the symptoms of Cholera?

How do scientists graph/ display data? 3 Types of Graphs 1. Line Graph Shows change over time Show how one thing changes because of something else 2. Bar Graph Shows how different things are compared to one another 3. Pie Chart Shows how portions relate to a whole thing Must equal 100%

Graph Grading Rules 1. Did you use whole piece of paper? 2. Labels? X & Y axis Title Pieces of a pie graph 3. X & Y Axis Set up correctly? With numbers spaced correctly 4. Are the points/ #s graphed correctly?

Line Graph World population (in billions) Year .5 1600 1.0 1700 1.5 Create a line graph with the following information. World population (in billions) Year .5 1600 1.0 1700 1.5 1800 2.0 1900 5.5 2000

Bar graphs Country Life expectancy in years U.S. 77 Japan 81 Mexico Create a bar graph using the following data. Country Life expectancy in years U.S. 77 Japan 81 Mexico 71.5 Indonesia 68

Pie Chart Source of Pollution Percentage Runoff from land 51.4 % Create a pie chart using the following information. Source of Pollution Percentage Runoff from land 51.4 % Routine Ship maintenance 19.4 Air pollution 13.0 Natural Seeps 8.8 Big Spills 5.2 % Offshore drilling 2.2

Tragedy of the Commons Named in 1968 to represent the concept that any resource that is open to everyone (such as air or parts of the ocean), will eventually be destroyed because everyone can use it but no one is responsible for preserving it.

Environment and Society Tragedy of the Commons Economics and the environment Supply and demand The greater the demand of a limited supply, the more its worth Costs and Benefits We must determine if the benefit of an action is worth its cost Risk Assessment the chance than human health or the environment will suffer loss.

Developed and Developing Countries Higher average incomes Slower population growth Diverse industrial economies Stronger social support systems EX: United States, Canada, Japan Developing Lower average incomes Simple and agriculture based economies Rapid population growth EX: Indonesia

Developing countries have high birth rates because Many parents will have a lot of children in the expectation that some will die because of the high infant mortality rate Large families can help in looking after the farm The children will be able to look after their parents if they become old or sick; there may not be a old age pension scheme There may be a shortage of family planning facilities and advice Developing countries have high death rates because, in many cases, there are Dirty, unreliable water supplies Poor housing conditions Poor access to medical sevices Endemic disease in some countries Diets that are short in calories and/or protein

Developing – Africa, South/Central America, Mexico, Indonesia, India, Middle/East Developed – US, Canada, Europe, Russia , Japan

Practice Question Which of the following countries would you expect to have the lowest population growth? A. Canada B. Indonesia C. Ethiopia D. India

Over Population Problems Not enough food Unsafe drinking water Poor sanitation Disease Consumption Trends Developed countries use 75% of worlds resources but only make up 20% of population

Ecological Footprint – the productive area of Earth needed to support one person Sustainable World – human needs are met and humans can survive indefinitely

Developing countries have high population growth because….