EMERGENCE Riga, April 4, 2002 eWork in a Global Economy: Some Results from the EMERGENCE Project Ursula Huws Institute for Employment Studies TELEBALT WORKSHOP

EMERGENCE A new spatial division of labour in knowledge work The combination of telecommunications and computing (telematics) is bringing about major changes in who does what work, where, when and how There are new choices open to both employers and workers in the organisation of work in time and space

EMERGENCE Estimation and Mapping of Employment Relocation in a Global Economy in the New Communications Environment

EMERGENCE The EMERGENCE Project AIMS Measure the extent of eWork Identify forms and characteristics of eWork Identify favoured locations for each eActivity Find reasons for choice of location or supplier Explore dynamics of relocation Investigate employment implications Identify constraints and facilitators Identify indicators for future modelling and tracking Inform regional development strategies

EMERGENCE Individualised forms of eWork fully home- based eWorkers multilocational eWorkers elancers e-enabled self- employed

EMERGENCE Employers’ use of telehomeworking, by country

EMERGENCE Projected growth of telehomeworking in Europe to 2010

EMERGENCE Employers’ use of multilocational eWorkers, by country

EMERGENCE Projected growth of multilocational eWorkers in Europe to 2010

EMERGENCE Employers’ use of eLancers, by country

EMERGENCE Projected growth in eLancing in the EU, to 2010

EMERGENCE eEnabled self employment: projected growth to 2010 based on continuation of existing trends

EMERGENCE Estimates of telehomeworkers, eEnabled workers and eEnhanced workers in Europe, 2000

EMERGENCE Projections of telehomeworkers, multilocational eWorkers and eLancers, 2010

EMERGENCE Office-based forms of eWork remote back offices (employees) eOutsourcing telecentres or telecottages

EMERGENCE E-work in Europe (demand side) by type of e-work (% of establishments with >50 employees) Source: EMERGENCE employer survey, 2000

EMERGENCE Use of outsourced business services (% of establishments with >50 employees) Source: EMERGENCE employer survey, 2000

EMERGENCE eWork demand by business function (% of establishments with >50 employees) Source: EMERGENCE employer survey, 2000

EMERGENCE eWork supply in Europe by country (% of establishments with >50 employees) Source: EMERGENCE employer survey, 2000

EMERGENCE eWork supply by business function (% of establishments with >50 employees) Source: EMERGENCE employer survey, 2000

EMERGENCE Reasons for choice of eOutsourcer (reasons for choice of location, % of all outsourced services) Source: EMERGENCE employer survey, 2000

EMERGENCE Typology of eWork Relocation

EMERGENCE Relocation of customer services call centres Motives availability of workers, costs, corporate restructuring Metropolitan versus rural areas Importance of information and communication technology

EMERGENCE Relocation of software- development and IT support Motives and aims of relocation Recruitment problems - labour market oriented relocation Skill oriented relocations Cost oriented relocations Centralisation; economies of scale

EMERGENCE Organisational and technical challenges Facilitators Technical Infrastructure and ICT utilisation Contacts in destination location and support by parent company High degree of division of labour standardisation and formalisation Involvement of employees Organisational change and transfer of knowledge

EMERGENCE Outsourcing over the Internet (Intermed Case Study) “I have never heard Kirill‘s voice”

EMERGENCE Software-Development in Poland (Betty Case Study) “Without personal contacts one wouldn‘t do that”

EMERGENCE Tele-Cooperation (Brandfree Case Study) “Once they saw that I didn‘t have two heads things instantly improved“ “Once they saw that I didn‘t have two heads things instantly improved“

EMERGENCE Employment effects Positive employment effects in ‘expansion’ and ‘complementing’ type relocations Loss of jobs in ‘concentration’ and ‘replacement’ type relocations Qualitative employment effects High demands on mobility of employees How long is the butterfly going to stay?

EMERGENCE implications for the Baltic region Opportunities to develop individualised forms of eWork Major opportunities to supply eServices to the EU and other developed countries BUT Need to compete with the rest of the world Necessity for  Infrastructure  Skills, including language skills  Effective marketing  Understanding of EU business cultures

EMERGENCE For more information go to