Chapter 1- Civics What is Civics?

Section One: Government of the People, by the People, for the People Civics- the study of citizenship and government. The Purpose of Government Make laws Provide Services Keep Order Civics- the study of citizenship and government. The Purpose of Government Make laws Provide Services Keep Order

What Governments Do Earliest government was Sumerians over 5,000 years ago. Laws Armed Services, Police, and Fire Depts.. Education Health Facilities Road Construction Earliest government was Sumerians over 5,000 years ago. Laws Armed Services, Police, and Fire Depts.. Education Health Facilities Road Construction

Levels of Government National Government Highest level of authority over citizens Provides basic framework for citizenship Citizenship Sharing of history and beliefs with the rest of the country’s citizens National Government Highest level of authority over citizens Provides basic framework for citizenship Citizenship Sharing of history and beliefs with the rest of the country’s citizens

Dictatorship and Democracy What is a dictatorship? Can you think of any dictators in history? Democracy vs. Dictatorship What is a dictatorship? Can you think of any dictators in history? Democracy vs. Dictatorship

Dictators

Two Kinds of Democracy Direct Democracy VS Representative Democracy What’s the difference? Direct Democracy VS Representative Democracy What’s the difference?

How Citizens Influence Government Electing of representatives to the national government – Senators, President and Vice President, members of the House of Representatives, etc. Political Party Affiliations – Joining with like affiliations help the government and other Americans to listen to issues Electing of representatives to the national government – Senators, President and Vice President, members of the House of Representatives, etc. Political Party Affiliations – Joining with like affiliations help the government and other Americans to listen to issues

Three Points About American Democracy “government of the people, by the people, for the people” - Abraham Lincoln (excerpt from Gettysburg Address) 1.Power of government comes from the people 2.American people through representatives run their government 3.The purpose of the government is to make the US a better place for people to live “government of the people, by the people, for the people” - Abraham Lincoln (excerpt from Gettysburg Address) 1.Power of government comes from the people 2.American people through representatives run their government 3.The purpose of the government is to make the US a better place for people to live

Section Two: We The People Citizens by Birth Those born in the United States are automatically considered citizens of the US Even in American territories such as Guam and Puerto Rico If the parent of the child is a non-American citizen, their citizenship does not change with their child’s birth However, an exception to this rule is that a child born to official representatives of a foreign government are considered citizens of their parent's country Citizens by Birth Those born in the United States are automatically considered citizens of the US Even in American territories such as Guam and Puerto Rico If the parent of the child is a non-American citizen, their citizenship does not change with their child’s birth However, an exception to this rule is that a child born to official representatives of a foreign government are considered citizens of their parent's country

Illegal and Legal Aliens What are those who have not become citizens called? What is the name for those who have the intention of living here permanently? Do these people have to do anything before they settle down? What are those who have not become citizens called? What is the name for those who have the intention of living here permanently? Do these people have to do anything before they settle down?

Identification

Restrictions on Immigrants Millions of people apply, however only a few hundred thousand are granted permission to immigrate People who fall into special categories receive preference Ex. Relatives of citizens or people with special talents or job skills Millions of people apply, however only a few hundred thousand are granted permission to immigrate People who fall into special categories receive preference Ex. Relatives of citizens or people with special talents or job skills

The Legal Immigration Revision Act In 1990 it made major changes in immigration policy Increased the number of immigrants allowed to enter the US each year Granted special consideration to people with needed job skills or with money to invest in our economy Allowed increased immigrants from Europe and other nations Eased restrictions based on political beliefs In 1990 it made major changes in immigration policy Increased the number of immigrants allowed to enter the US each year Granted special consideration to people with needed job skills or with money to invest in our economy Allowed increased immigrants from Europe and other nations Eased restrictions based on political beliefs

Illegal Aliens How did this happen? Refused permission Never applied Came as temporary visitors but never left Sneaking across borders * as of April 2008, 20 million illegal aliens in US * Life is hard for illegal aliens Deportation How did this happen? Refused permission Never applied Came as temporary visitors but never left Sneaking across borders * as of April 2008, 20 million illegal aliens in US * Life is hard for illegal aliens Deportation

Legal Aliens Not very different from the lives of American citizens They may hold jobs, own property, attend school, and travel throughout the United States Like any other American citizen, they must pay taxes and obey the laws Not very different from the lives of American citizens They may hold jobs, own property, attend school, and travel throughout the United States Like any other American citizen, they must pay taxes and obey the laws

Legal Alien

Things Legal Immigrants Can’t Do May not vote in any political elections or run for political office May not work in most governmental jobs * Aliens are required to carry identification cards at all times May not vote in any political elections or run for political office May not work in most governmental jobs * Aliens are required to carry identification cards at all times

Naturalization Naturalization? What is it? Beginning Naturalization Declaration of Intention Must live in in the US for 5 years before they move on Must take special classes to prepare for citizenship English language, American history, and civics Must demonstrate basic knowledge in all three areas Immigration and Naturalization Service Naturalization? What is it? Beginning Naturalization Declaration of Intention Must live in in the US for 5 years before they move on Must take special classes to prepare for citizenship English language, American history, and civics Must demonstrate basic knowledge in all three areas Immigration and Naturalization Service

The Final Steps 1.Immigration examiner 2.Court appearance to take oath of loyalty to the United States 3.Immigrant becomes official citizen * if immigrant has children under 18 they are automatically naturalized citizens as well Test 1.Immigration examiner 2.Court appearance to take oath of loyalty to the United States 3.Immigrant becomes official citizen * if immigrant has children under 18 they are automatically naturalized citizens as well Test

Yes I Did It!

Loss of Citizenship Becoming a naturalized citizen in another country Threatening to over throw government Serving in armed forces of another country Becoming a naturalized citizen in another country Threatening to over throw government Serving in armed forces of another country

Section Three: Who Are Americans? What is a census? Why is it important? What is the name of the agency that does a census? How do they conduct census? 10 years? What kind of questions do they ask? What is a census? Why is it important? What is the name of the agency that does a census? How do they conduct census? 10 years? What kind of questions do they ask?

Changes in Immigration “A Nation of Immigrants” Native Americans? “A Nation of Immigrants” Native Americans?

Early European Settlers 1500’s-Spain- the search for gold and riches (Florida, Texas, California) 1600’s-France and England France- Canada and Louisiana England-13 colonies Late 1600’s and 1700’s-Germany, Netherlands, Ireland, Scotland, and Sweden Joined English settlers 1500’s-Spain- the search for gold and riches (Florida, Texas, California) 1600’s-France and England France- Canada and Louisiana England-13 colonies Late 1600’s and 1700’s-Germany, Netherlands, Ireland, Scotland, and Sweden Joined English settlers

Other Immigrants Africans Did not come willingly Came as slaves By 1776 only 60% of 13 colonies were of English descent As expansion westward occurred, earlier cultures (Spanish, French, and Native American) entered the cultural mix Africans Did not come willingly Came as slaves By 1776 only 60% of 13 colonies were of English descent As expansion westward occurred, earlier cultures (Spanish, French, and Native American) entered the cultural mix

The Great Immigration Land of opportunity 1830’s- 600,000 immigrants German, English, Irish 1850’s- over 2 million immigrants Between 1860 and more than 10 million Europeans Many from Norway, Sweden, and Denmark Land of opportunity 1830’s- 600,000 immigrants German, English, Irish 1850’s- over 2 million immigrants Between 1860 and more than 10 million Europeans Many from Norway, Sweden, and Denmark

The Great Migration

Most Americans welcomed new arrivals By the mid 1800’s, people began to worry Why? Restrictions? Between 1890 and 1930, 22 million people entered the US Central and Eastern Europe (Greece,Poland,Russia) Laws of 1920 Quotas? Slowed immigrants Most Americans welcomed new arrivals By the mid 1800’s, people began to worry Why? Restrictions? Between 1890 and 1930, 22 million people entered the US Central and Eastern Europe (Greece,Poland,Russia) Laws of 1920 Quotas? Slowed immigrants

Immigration Today 1.3 million immigrants became residents in 2006 Exception is refugees What are refugees? United States- The Melting Pot 1.3 million immigrants became residents in 2006 Exception is refugees What are refugees? United States- The Melting Pot

Growth of United States Population Population growth not entirely due to immigration Due largely to Americans having many children Population grew from 12 million in 1830 to 120 million in million were immigrants Large families common Population growth not entirely due to immigration Due largely to Americans having many children Population grew from 12 million in 1830 to 120 million in million were immigrants Large families common

Why Large Families Families needed as much help as possible to survive Especially on farms, where most people lived What did children do to help Household chores Work on family farms Bring in additional money from outside jobs Families needed as much help as possible to survive Especially on farms, where most people lived What did children do to help Household chores Work on family farms Bring in additional money from outside jobs

Families Get Smaller Modern life gets automated (Factories) Fewer people live on farms Large families become less important Birthrate has dropped steadily throughout the 1900s Even though population today has increased, it is looked at as the slowest in our nations history Modern life gets automated (Factories) Fewer people live on farms Large families become less important Birthrate has dropped steadily throughout the 1900s Even though population today has increased, it is looked at as the slowest in our nations history

Shifts in American Population 1st Shift came in the mid-1800’s Americans move from rural areas to cities This was due to employment Manufacturing, transportation, sales, etc. Small towns become smaller as cities get larger 1st Shift came in the mid-1800’s Americans move from rural areas to cities This was due to employment Manufacturing, transportation, sales, etc. Small towns become smaller as cities get larger

Shifts in American Population 2nd Shift was the Freed Slaves African Americans head for cities Migration? Head North 2nd Shift was the Freed Slaves African Americans head for cities Migration? Head North

Shift to the Sunbelt Population shift that began in the 1970’s Migration to the western and southern parts of the country These regions have grown rapidly Places like Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, Georgia,and Florida This is due to overcrowding in the industrial North New York used to be most populated state Today California #1 Texas #2 Population shift that began in the 1970’s Migration to the western and southern parts of the country These regions have grown rapidly Places like Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, Georgia,and Florida This is due to overcrowding in the industrial North New York used to be most populated state Today California #1 Texas #2

Population Shifts

Urban Shifts Older cities have lost population Younger cities have grown Residential areas of New York, Chicago, Detroit, and other Northeast or Midwest cities have deteriorated as a result of population loss It is hard to find decent housing at affordable prices People have been moving to suburbs Suburbs? Metropolitan areas? Older cities have lost population Younger cities have grown Residential areas of New York, Chicago, Detroit, and other Northeast or Midwest cities have deteriorated as a result of population loss It is hard to find decent housing at affordable prices People have been moving to suburbs Suburbs? Metropolitan areas?

Urban Shifts

A Changing Nation Americans are living longer More elderly and retired Americans then before Why is this? Women are taking jobs outside the home 40% of all business owners are women America is constantly changing What changes can you think of? Americans are living longer More elderly and retired Americans then before Why is this? Women are taking jobs outside the home 40% of all business owners are women America is constantly changing What changes can you think of?