LESSON 4.3=THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT AND ANTI-WAR PROTESTS USH2 Unit 4:Equality and Power

Activating: The Civil Rights Movement What do you already know about the Civil Rights movement of the 1950’s and 1960’s?

Frayer: De Facto Segregation

SETTING THE STAGE AFTER WORLD WAR II, AFRICAN AMERICANS AND OTHER CIVIL RIGHTS SUPPORTERS CHALLENGED SEGREGATION IN THE UNITED STATES. THEIR EFFORTS WERE VIGOROUSLY OPPOSED BY SOUTHERN SEGREGATIONALISTS, BUT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT BEGAN TO TAKE A FIRMER STAND FOR CIVIL RIGHTS.

THE ORIGINS OF THE MOVEMENT NATIVISM BACK TO AFRICA MOVEMENT THE SUPREME COURTS DECISION IN PLESSY VS. FERGUSON SET UP A SEPARATE BUT EQUAL POLICY AREAS THAT DID NOT HAVE SEGREGATION LAWS OFTEN HAD DE FACTO SEGREGATION = SEPERATION BY TRADITION

BROWN VS BOARD OF EDUCATION IN MAY 1954, THE SUPREME COURT RULED IN BROWN VS BOARD OF EDUCATION THAT SEGREGATION VIOLATED 14 TH RULING SIGNALED IT WAS TIME TO CHALLENGE OTHER FORMS OF SEGREGATION MANY WHITES IN THE SOUTH IGNORED THE BROWN DECISION AND KEPT SCHOOLS SEGREGATED FOR YEARS USED PUPIL ASSIGNMENT LAWS = ELABORATE SET OF REQUIREMENTS OTHER THAN RACE TO KEEP SEGREGATION

AP 1: Talking Heads 1’s tell 2 what you learned about the origins of the movement. 2’s tell 1’s the impact of Brown vs. Board of education.

THE MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT ON DEC 1, 1955, ROSA PARKS WAS ARRESTED IN MONTGOMERY FOR REFUSING TO GIVE UP SEAT PARKS CHALLENGE TO SEGREGATION SET OFF MODERN CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT AFRICAN AMERICANS AND CIVIL RIGHTS LEADERS QUICKLY ORGANIZED THE MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT IN THE NEXT FEW YEARS, BOYCOTTS AND PROTESTS SPREAD ACROSS THE NATION

THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT BEGINS THE MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT MARKED THE BEGINNING OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT THE BOYCOTT WAS A SUCCESS, THE MONTGOMERY IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION CHOSE MLK AS LEADER MLK = NON VIOLENT METHODS = GHANDI KING URGED HIS LISTENERS TO DISOBEY UNJUST LAWS

AFRICAN AMERICAN CHURCHES CHURCHES AND MINISTERS PLAYED AN IMPORTANT PART IN THE BOYCOTT MINISTERS SET UP THE SOUTHERN CHRISTIAN LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE IN 1957 = MLK FIRST PRESIDENT THE SCLC SET OUT TO END SEGREGATION AND URGED AFRICAN AMERICANS TO VOTE

AP 2: Think Pair Share Why is non-violent protest more effective than violent protest?

EISENHOWER RESPONDS IKE PERSONALLY OPPOSED SEGREGATION, BUT BELIEVED IT MUST END GRADUALLY ALSO FELT FEDERAL GOVERNMENT MUST UPHOLD RULING IN BROWN VS BOARD OF EDUCATION

CRISIS IN LITTLE ROCK IN SEPTEMBER 1957, THE LITTLE ROCK SCHOOL BOARD WON A COURT ORDER TO ADMIT 9 AFRICAN AMERICANS THE GOVERNOR OF ARKANSAS ORDERED THE NATIONAL GUARD TO PROVENT THEM FROM ATTENDING IKE ORDERED THE 101 ST AIRBORNE TO PROTECT THE STUDENTS AND UPHOLD THE LAW

AP 3 Little Rock 9

NEW CIVIL RIGHTS LEGISLATION CONGRESS PASSED THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957 = PROTECT AFRICAN AMERICAN RIGHT TO VOTE LAW CREATED A CIVIL RIGHTS DIVISION WITHIN DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE ALSO CREATED THE UNITED STATES COMMISSION ON CIVIL RIGHTS TO INVESTIGATE WHEN VOTING DENIED

Challenging Segregation Sit-in Movement begins with 4 students at NC A&T in Greensboro. “Freedom Summer” turns violent in Freedom rides. James Meredith and the University of Mississippi In order to force JFK to take action on a new Civil Rights Bill, MLK launches demonstrations in Birmingham (863)

AP 4 Think Pair Share Letter From a Birmingham Jail 1’s = According to Dr. King, what are the two types of laws? What is the difference between them? 2’s = What does King say are the effects of segregation on the segregator? On the segregated?

March on Washington In order to pressure Congress to pass JFK’s civil rights bill, MLK organizes March on Washington “I Have a dream” com/watch?v=3vDW Wy4CMhE com/watch?v=3vDW Wy4CMhE

AP 5: RAFT

Civil Rights Act of 1964 and 1965 After death of JFK, Bill signed into law. After passage of Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1965 passed, movement had ended segregation and new laws were passed to end discrimination and protect voting rights. New Goal = Achieve full social and economic equality.

AP 6 Word Splash : Civil Rights Movement

Activity Summarize Civil Rights Milestones Time line activity On the back of the timeline, answer the following question: How does this assignment relate to the essential question?

Learning log- analyze relationships What are the pros and cons of nonviolent protest?

Focus Summarize the historical significance of the ruling in Brown vs. Board of Education. Summarize the historical significance of the ruling in Plessy vs. Ferguson. How did Eisenhower resolve the crisis at Little Rock? What did MLK believe was the only moral way to end segregation? What issue were the “Freedom Riders” trying to draw attention to? What was MLK’s reasons for launching demonstrations in Birmingham, AL in the spring of 1963? What was the purpose of the “March on Washington”? What became the focus of the Civil Rights Movement after the Passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

Civil Rights Part 2 Activating List three things that you learned about the Civil Rights Movement yesterday. m/watch?v=lkXFb1sMa3 8 m/watch?v=lkXFb1sMa

NEW CIVIL RIGHTS ISSUES BY THE MID-1960’S, MUCH PROGRESS HAD BEEN MADE IN THE ARENA OF CIVIL RIGHTS. HOWEVER, LEADERS OF THE MOVEMENT BEGAN TO UNDERSTAND THAT MERELY WINNING POLITICAL RIGHTS FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS WOULD NOT COMPLETELY SOLVE THEIR ECONOMIC PROBLEMS. THE STRUGGLE WOULD CONTINUE TO TRY TO END ECONOMIC INEQUALITY

URBAN PROBLEMS IN 1965, ABOUT 70% OF THE AFRICAN AMERICAN POPULATION LIVED IN LARGE CITIES OFTEN TRAPPED BY POVERTY = GAINS IN CIVIL RIGHTS DID NOT ADDRESS THEIR SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS ANGER ABOUT SITUATION WOULD ERUPT INTO VIOLENCE

THE WATTS RIOT THIRTY FOUR PEOPLE WERE KILLED IN A 6 DAY RIOT IN THE WATTS NEIGBORHOOD IN LOS ANGELES THE WORST RIOT OCCURRED IN DETROIT IN THE US ARMY HAD TO BE CALLED IN TO CONTROL SITUATION

THE KERNER COMMISSION LBJ PICKED OTTO KERNER TO LOOK AT THE CAUSES OF THE RIOTS REPORT BLAMED RACISM AND CALLED FOR MORE JOBS AND HOUSING FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS IN CITIES

AP 1: Urban problems

THE SHIFT TO ECONOMIC RIGHTS IN 1965 MLK DECIDED TO FOCUS ON IMPROVING ECONOMIC CONDITIONS HE AND HIS WIFE MOVED INTO A SLUM APARTMENT IN CHICAGO THE CHICAGO MOVEMENT WAS LARGELY UNSUCCESSFUL

BLACK POWER MLK’S FAILURE IN CHICAGO CONVINCED SOME THAT NO-VIOLENCE WAS NOT WORKING = GREW IMPATIENT MANY POOR, YOUNG AFRICAN AMERICANS TURNED AWAY FROM KING, CALLING FOR “BLACK POWER”

BLACK POWER - CONTINUED TWO SEPARATE DIVISIONS WITHIN MOVEMENT: SOME BELIEVED SELF DEFENSE AND VIOLANCE WAS OK OTHERS THOUGHT THAT AFRICAN AMERICANS SHOULD CONTROL THEIR SOCIALS, POLITICAL, AND ECONOMIC DIRECTION BLACK POWER EXPRESSED PRIDE IN AFRICAN AMERICAN CULTURE

BLACK PANTHERS BLACK PANTHERS PREACHED BLACK POWER, BLACK NATIONALISM, AND ECONOMIC SELF SUFFICIENCY BELIEVED REVOLUTION WAS NECESSARY URGED AFRICAN AMERICANS TO ARM THEMSELVES

AP 2:

MALCOM X BY 1960’S MALCOM X BECAME SYMBOL OF BLACK POWER HE GAINED FAME AS PART OF THE NATION OF ISLAM = PREACHED THAT WHITES WERE THE DEVIL BY 1964 HE BROKE AWAY FROM GROUP AFTER TRAVELING TO MECCA AND WORSHIPPING WITH ALL RACES WAS ASSASSINATED AFTER PROMOTING IDEA THAT WE ARE ALL BROTHERS AND SISTERS UNDER GOD

CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT BECOMES DIVIDED DIVISION = SOME AFRICAN AMERICANS TURN TO VIOLENCE ANGERING MANY WHITE SUPPORTERS OF CIVIL RIGHTS

MLK IS KILLED IN 1968 MLK TRAVELED TO MEMPHIS TENNESSEE TO SUPPORT A STRIKE HE WAS SHOT TO DEATH ON APRIL 4 AS HE STOOD ON HIS HOTEL BALCONY HIS DEATH TOUCHED OFF RIOTS CONGRESS PASSED THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1968 = BANNED DISCRIMINATION IN HOUSING

AP 3 1’s = 5 words on MLK 2’s = 5 words on Malcolm X

Assignment Civil Rights Primary Source Reading 25-2 “Malcom X” Compare and contrast Malcom X to MLK

Learning Log What was the basic message of the “black power” movement? Who became the symbol of the black power movement? What group urged African Americans to arm themselves and confront white society? Why did the Civil Rights movement become divided? The Kerner Commission blamed the problems of inner cities on what in particular? What revelation did Malcom X embrace after his visit to Mecca?