Civil Rights in the 1950s Montgomery Bus Boycott

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Presentation transcript:

Civil Rights in the 1950s Montgomery Bus Boycott Emmett Till Montgomery Bus Boycott Central High and the Little Rock Nine

Emmett Till Triggered a national debate on lynchings in the United States Till was born on July 25, 1941; raised on Chicago's South Side Incident occurred August 1955 in Money, Mississippi Roy Bryant, J. W. Milam Tallahatchie River Bryant and Milam acquitted by an all-white jury, which deliberated for about an hour.

Montgomery Bus Boycott First major event of civil rights era: December 5, 1955 to December 21, 1956 Montgomery, Alabama city bus lines forced to integrate Boycott instituted by Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) as a result of Rosa Parks incident (December 1, 1955) Results of boycott: African-American bus drivers given predominantly African American routes; assurance that name-calling by white drivers would stop Backlash against the boycott: white mayor of Montgomery called for a "get tough" policy when dealing with the boycotters; White Citizen's Council called for violent action. February 21, 1956 - Montgomery grand jury indicted King and 100 others for their part in the boycott. King was found guilty on March 22, but his $1,000 fine was suspended pending appeal. November 13 - U.S. Supreme Court upheld a lower court order declaring Montgomery's segregated bus system illegal and ruled that integration must begin. December 21 - King, Ralph Abernathy, Edgar Nixon, and David Smiley (a white minister) boarded a city bus and took the seats of their choosing.

http://www.montgomeryboycott.com/portfolio1 _categories/photos/

Central High and the Little Rock Nine Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas in the 1950s drew attention to desegregation efforts across the South. Nine African-American students intended to enter Little Rock's Central High on September 3, 1957 Ernest Green (1941 - ) Elizabeth Eckford (1941 -) Jefferson Thomas (1941-2010) Terrence Roberts (1941 - ) Carlotta Wall LaNier (1942 - ) Minnijean Brown (1941- ) Gloria Ray Karlmark (1942- Thema Mothershed (1940 - ) Melba Pattillo Beals (1941 – ) Governor Orval Faubus announced on statewide television that it "would not be possible to restore or to maintain order” if segregation was forced.

September 4 - the National Guard blocked entrance, thus directly challenging the federal government September 20 - district court ordered the governor to stop interfering with desegregation and remove the troops; he refused September 21 - mobs of angry segregationists surrounded the. President Dwight D. Eisenhower denounced the actions at Central High as disgraceful. He ordered those who were obstructing federal law to cease and desist and for the mob to disperse. September 22 - Little Rock's mayor, whose police force was vastly outnumbered, called the U.S. Justice Department and asked for federal help September 24 - Eisenhower ordered 1,000 troops of the 101st Airborne Division to Little Rock and federalized 10,000 members of the Arkansas National Guard. By 5 A.M., paratroopers carrying fixed bayonets had surrounded the school. Federal troops picked up the Little Rock Nine from the home of Bates and escorted them to school. The soldiers remained for two months.

http://life.time.com/history/little-rock-nine-1957- photos/#1