Age of Exploration Obj: Identify Explorers and their Motives

Team Portugal

Bartolomeu Dias  First to sail around Cape of Good Hope (Southern tip of Africa)

Dias wanted to name the Cape “The Cape of Storms” because of the fierce storms that his ships encountered.

Ferdinand Magellan  First to circumnavigate (go around) the globe.

Vasco da Gama  First to sail directly from Europe to India ( )

Vasco da Gama’s landing at Calicut, India

Prince Henry the Navigator  Patron of explorers (like a Coach) -Create navigation schools -Used new technology Ex: Magnetic Compass, Accurate Maps, Faster ships (caravel) -Pushed for exploration Q: Is there another modern or historical figure who pushed for new ideas?

Portuguese Empire

Team Spain

Christopher Columbus  Sailed for Spain  Discovered the “New World” (Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, etc.)  Enslaved native islanders, made them mine for gold

Hernando Cortez  Conquered Mexico for Spain (defeating Aztecs)  Aztecs thought he was sent from the gods Brought horses+gunpowder He exploited this to force Montezuma to surrender Enslaved indigenous population (local people)

Francisco Pizarro  Conquered Incan Empire

Cortez and Pizarro’s men were Conquistadors (heavily armed Spanish warriors). Conquistadors means “Conquerors”

Team England: Sir Francis Drake  First Englishman to circumnavigate the globe  Helped defeat Spanish Armada (1588)  Engaged in Piracy: Stole from the Spanish

Team France: Jacques Cartier  First to lay claims in Canada  Searching for North West passage.

Motivations for Exploration 4ab

 God: to spread (diffuse) Christianity  Religious groups (Puritans, Protestants, Catholics) come to New World  and convert indigenous (native) people to Christianity.

 Gold (or anything valuable) Demand for gold, spices, and natural resources in Europe Example: Pepper cost $20.00 a pound. Do the Math: 50 ton ship x 2,000 x 20=

 Glory Political / economic competition

TECHNOLOGY 4a  Inventions / innovations in navigational arts from China, Ottomans, other countries  Prince Henry the Navigator combined all the new technology. Better ships (Caravel) Accurate maps Better Instruments (magnetic compass)

Exploration Impact: Europeans R.A.C.E.D. to conquer the Americas (4c)

Create a chart that looks like the following in your notes: Make the “R” row 5 spaces. R A C E D

Rigid class system and dictatorships in Latin America. Encomienda System=right of Spain to demand work/money from natives. R: Spanish on top Mestizos--part Spanish, part Native American Native Americans, slaves on bottom

Africans brought to Americas as slaves A: The cargo hold of a slave ship was hot, cramped, and putrid.

C:  Colonies imitate culture and social patterns of parent country.  Ex: Language, Customs, traditions, religion  1. Mexico=Catholic Religion because Spain was Catholic  2. United States= English-heritage because Great Britain created colonies.  3. Brazil=Portuguese Language

Europeans immigrate to Americas E:  They claim more land for their country

Diseases kill Natives Americans  Demise of Aztec, Maya, and Inca Empires D: Small Pox

Impact on Africa (4c)  Create trading posts along the coast that trade in slaves and gold

Impact in Asia (4c)  Colonization by small groups of merchants (India, Japan, China)  Influence of trading companies -Portuguese -British -Dutch

Where did they R.A.C.E.D to? (Use Map)  Spain North/South America, China, Japan, Philippians  Portugal Brazil, Coast of Africa, India, China, Japan  France Quebec (Eastern Canada), Western America, India, Haiti, China  England Eastern America, India, Australia, South Africa, China, Japan