Long ago, before computers; before DVD players; long before airplanes or cars,… …there were adventurous people who wanted to see new things!!

These adventurous people were known as An explorer is a person who travels, seeking new discoveries. Explorers!!

AIM What drives Europeans to want to explore? Pretend you are an explorer in the 1400’s. You are asked to explore a completely UNKNOWN island. You do not know what lives there, how to get there (exactly) or how long you will be there. What will you do? What will you do? What rewards (besides jewels) might come from exploring the sea? What rewards (besides jewels) might come from exploring the sea? What risks might you entail by embarking on such an unknown journey? What risks might you entail by embarking on such an unknown journey?

Motives in the Age of Exploration Attracted to East for silks and spices Difficult to trade with Islamic empires 1453 Byzantine Empire fell to Turks 1453 Byzantine Empire fell to Turks desire for wealth and adventure religious zeal- save souls Summary Gold, Glory and God Gold, Glory and God

FOR GOLD, GOD, and GLORY! GOLD! (WEALTH! ) New spices in Europe (introduced during the Crusades) = demand for the spices. Europeans wanted to cut out the middle man ! Europeans try to find new trade routes because they want new sources of wealth. Italians sell it to Europe for MORE $$$ Europe buys it for a higher price Muslims sold Spices to Italians for lots of $

GLORY ! BEING “The FIRST!” First to: Find an spice? Find a area? Create a trading port? Control a COUNTRY!?

TECHNOLOGY HELPS !  The introduction of the Caravel made travel easier ! –65 feet long = more space for food/ppl. –Able to explore close to shore. -Larger sails for easier movement and power!

New Maritime Technologies Hartman Astrolabe (1532) Better Maps [Portulan] Sextant Mariner’s Compass

Improvements in Navigation Better maps, follow coasts at first, used compass better ships- square sails and new hull design, heavy enough to carry canon use of astrolabe- magnetic compass sail by stars knowledge of wind patterns First the Portuguese (Prince Henry) then Spanish, France and England

New Weapons Technology

Christopher Columbus [ ]

Columbus Sailed west to Indies Landed on the Bahamas Sailed for Spain (King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

Columbus’ Four Voyages

Other Voyages of Exploration

Magellan Searched for passage to Pacific Ocean Sailed through “straits of Magellan” Died in Philippines Crew lst to circumnavigate the world

Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the World: Early 16 c

Cabot Sailed for England Landed on coast of New-found land Gave England claim to North America

Ponce de Leon 1 st to land on the mainland of North America Looking for “fountain of youth” Established St. Augustine, Florida

De Soto Sailed for Spain Explored Mississippi River – Present-day Oklahoma

Coronado Looking for fabled seven cities of gold Explored present- day Arizona and New Mexico

Cortes Spanish Conquistador Conquered Aztec emperor Montezuma

Balboa Spanish Explorer Claimed Pacific Ocean and adjoining lands for Spain

Pizzaro Conquered the Inca Empire

Vespucci Amerigo Vespucci America was named after him

Atlantic Explorations Looking for “El Dorado”

Impact on World by European Contact Purpose was to serve the homeland weather it was slaves, furs, cotton, fish, spices, tobacco, gold or silver. Colonies improved the lives of Europeans greatly. In the Americas –More intermarriage by Spanish /Portuguese and French –Disease was devastating. Measles, influenza, smallpox –Violence common p 311