OBLIGATION I MUST do the ironing. MUST HAVE TO HAVE GOT TO I HAVE TO do the ironing. I HAVE GOT TO do the ironing. LACK OF OBLIGATION DON’T HAVE TO HAVEN’T GOT TO NEEDN’T DON’T NEED TO I DON’T HAVE TO do the ironing.I HAVEN’T GOT TO do the ironing. I DON’T NEED TO do the ironing.I NEEDN’T do the ironing. PROHIBITION MUSTN’T I MUSTN’T do the ironing.

OBLIGATION HAD TO I HAD TO do the ironing. LACK OF OBLIGATION DIDN’T HAVE TO DIDN’T NEED TO I DIDN’T HAVE TO do the ironing. I DIDN’T NEED TO do the ironing. PROHIBITION COULDN’T I COULDN’T do the ironing. IN THE PAST WASN’T / WEREN’T ALLOWED TO I WASN’T ALLOWED TO do the ironing.

Another modal verb SHOULD

forma affermativa I, you, he, she, it, we, you, theyshouldswim forma negativa I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they should not swim oppure I, you, he, she, it, we, you, theyshouldn’tswim Should I, you, he, she, it, we, you, theyswim? forma interrogativa = condizionale di dovere [=dovrei, dovresti, dovrebbe, ecc.]

SHOULD advice is used to give advice Tom should go to bed earlier. He is always tired. Tom dovrebbe andare a letto prima. E’ sempre stanco. You shouldn’t go to the club tonight. There is a Maths test tomorrow. Non dovresti andare in discoteca stasera. C’è una verifica di matematica domani.

The phone is ringing. You should answer it. Give advice using should I have to go to Ventimiglia. You should take the bus. I’m thirsty. You should have a glass of water.

Someone is knocking. You should open the door. I’m tired. You should go to sleep. I’m bored. You should watch a film. Give advice using should

I’m hungry. You should have a sandwich. It’s too hot here. You should open the window. It’s cold. You should put on a jumper. Give advice using should

It’s too dark here. You should switch on the light. I don’t like this music. You should switch off the radio. I’m stressed! You should relax. Give advice using should

Key word transformation Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.

We spent two hours waiting in the queue. We………………….. two hours in the queue. It’s a good idea to get to the museum early in the morning. We ……………..…… get a guide. You …………………… the museum early in the morning. It wasn’t necessary to get a guide. You can visit the museum without paying on Wednesdays. It is forbidden to speak on your mobile phone in the museum. You ………………… on your mobile phone in the museum. They didn’t let us take any photos. We …………………………..take any photos. On Wednesdays, ……………… pay to visit the museum. TO had to wait SHOULD should arrive at you don’t have to HAVE mustn’t speak MUSTN’T TO didn’t have to TO weren’t allowed to

16 ways to de-stress You should take off your watch. You should switch off your mobile phone. You shouldn’t eat your breakfast on your feet – you should sit down and enjoy it. You should put on your most comfortable clothes. You shouldn’t run after the bus – you should let it go. You should smell the roses. You should give up the gym. You should fall in love. You should only switch on your television if there’s something you really want to watch. You should throw away clothes you never wear. You should have a laugh. You should hang up your clothes when you take them off. You should spend two minutes doing absolutely nothing. You should walk. You should only do the ironing if you love it. You should put on your favourite music and turn up the volume.

PHRASAL VERBS I GET UP early in the morning. Please STAND UP! Last night I WENT OUT with Mary. My car BROKE DOWN yesterday. The plane TOOK OFF on time. INTRANSITIVE

PHRASAL VERBS Can you SWITCH OFF the light, please? I had to FILL IN a form. They CALLED the meeting OFF. Can I THROW it away? TRANSITIVE SEPARABLE

SEPARABLE PHRASAL VERBS Please SWITCH OFF the light. Please SWITCH the light OFF. Please SWITCH it OFF. Please SWITCH OFF it.

PHRASAL VERBS I am LOOKING FOR my keys. She TAKES AFTER her father. I GET ON WELL WITH my sister. This book DEALS WITH Ireland in the 90s. TRANSITIVE INSEPARABLE