Appendicular Skeleton Lecture Notes ANATOMY

LATIN TERMS Odon = tooth Pect = breast Pelv= basin Sutur= seam Vert = turn; joint Endo = within Epi= upon Lamina = thin plate

/ Fibula TARSALS PHALANGES HUMERUS

Clavicles are “S” shaped bones that originate at the superior lateral border of the manubrium of the sternum (jugular notches) Scapulas are flat bones located at the posterior lateral portion of the body. SUPERIOR INFERIOR MEDIALLATERAL

Brachium and Antebrachium Brachium = Upper Limb 30 bones per limb Brachium contains the humerus Antebrachium or forearm contains the radius & ulna (radius on thumb side) Carpus or wrist contains 8 small bones arranged in two rows Manus or hand contains 19 bones in 2 groups –5 metacarpals in the palm –14 phalanges in the fingers

 Upper Limbs: (Brachium)  Humerus is a long bone that extends from the scapula to the elbow.  The superior round portion that articulates with the scapula is known as the head  Be able to identify the greater and lesser tubercles…PAGE 242 in AP book. Important site for muscle attachment  Any blow to the ulnar nerve will send a sensation known as a funny bone

 BONES OF THE FOREARM (Antebrachium)  The humerus articulates with the radius and ulna at a location known as the condyle  Ulna is a long bone that is medial to the radius.  The olecranon process is the superior end of the ulna and is the point of the elbow  Radius is the lateral bone of the forearm  PAGE 243 in AP book

CARPAL BONES The carpus is the wrist containing 8 carpal short bones Is this diagram showing correct anatomical positioning???? Metacarpals are short bones that articulate with the distal carpal bones to support the hand Roman numerals are used to identify the metacarpals from lateral to medial Phalanges (14 finger bones) that articulate distally to the metacarpal bones Thumb is known as the pollex V I IV III II

Checking for understanding! Skeleton worksheet: Color the axial and appendicular skeleton and then identify ALL the bones of the ENTIRE skeleton. Use pages 207 and 239 in the A & P book. Colored pencils can be found in the back of the room.

THE PELVIC GIRDLE aka Ossa Coxae

Ilium Pubis Ischium Pubic symphysis made of cartilage

Comparison of Male & Female Female: less massive, shallower pubic arch greater than 100 degrees, and pelvic inlet round or oval Male: heavier, upper pelvis nearly vertical, coccyx more vertical, and pelvic inlet heart-shaped, outlet smaller

HINT: Woman’s pelvis must be larger to allow for childbirth.

LOWER LIMBS

FEMUR pg 250  Longest and heaviest bone in the body  Head  Neck  Shaft  Greater Trochanter CONDYLE

 A triangular Sesamoid bone  Enclosed within the tendons  Guards the knee joint

Tibia and Fibula Tibia- Large medial bone that articulates with the condyles of the femur and helps support weight Tibia= shinbone Fibula - Parallels the lateral border of the tibia and aids in moving the foot and toes

Tarsals, MetaTarsals and phalanges Tarsals= ankle and heel Heel= Calcaneus Metatarsals=middle of the foot and Roman numerals are used to identify the metatarsals from medial to lateral….this is opposite than the metacarpals Phalanges- 14 toe bones, the great toe #1 has 2 phalanges and the other 4 toes have 3 phalanges I II III IV V

JOINTS (aka… articulations) HUMAN ANATOMY

LATIN TERMS that you will find very helpful in remembering JOINTS ! Arthros = joint Syn = together Amphi = both sides Dia = through Planta = sole In = into

Synarthrosis Amphiarthrosis Diarthrosis (synovial joints)

Use pg. 268 in your book to identify the various types of joints and and examples per the human body!

Dislocation ( luxation ) –Articulating bones are forced out of position by extreme stress –Can cause damage to cartilage, ligaments or distort the joint cavity Subluxation –Partial dislocation –Less severe –“double-jointed” persons more likely to suffer subluxation

Gliding –2 surfaces slide past each other Circumduction Rotation Flexion/extension Supination/pronation Opposition LABEL THE PICTURES ON YOUR HANDOUT Pg

Inversion/eversion Retraction/protraction Depression/elevation Dorsiflexion/plantar flexion Lateral flexion Abduction/adduction Pg

THE END

Choose ONE of the following terms to “graffiti” on the blank piece of paper: – Appendicular Skeleton – Joints – Pectoral Girdle – Pelvic Girdle – Carpal Bones – Tarsal Bones – Dislocation On the back, explain what each letter is and how it relates to the term you chose. Make your graffiti COLORFUL & CREATIVE !!!