MSC Biology of Fishes at NEAq. Week 3: B. Classes of Fishes Lamprey Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes.

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Presentation transcript:

MSC Biology of Fishes at NEAq

Week 3: B. Classes of Fishes Lamprey Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes

3 classes of vertebrates = jawless, cartilaginous, bony

Class Chondrichthyes = “cartilaginous fishes” Week 3 vertebrae skeleton cartilage no bone jaws paired fins

Distinguishing CharactersProcesses skeleton fins fin rays scales jaws teeth heart intestine respiration regulation sensory reception reproduction

skeleton

fins

ceratotrichia fin rays dermal origin branching, segmentation no branching, no segmentation lepidotrichia epidermal origin

s/b ceratotrichia text error in 5 th edition (p. 257) bonus point

PLACOID scales enamel/dentine enamel/bone = teeth

dermal Figure 2.3 epidermal and dermal

Speedo Fastskin designed by 10x Olympic medalist Gary Hall, Jr placoid scales

jaws and teeth tiger shark

Chondrichthyes jaw loosely connected

Jaw

teeth Chondrichthyes embedded, replaced

serially replaced ~30,000 teeth avg./life modified scales

great white Carcharodon carcharius tooth height ~ body length

Carcharodon C. megalodonC. carcharius megatooth great white ~6 cm ~17 cm

1:100 ratio tooth enamel height (cm) ≈ total body length (m) megatooth shark Miocene 16 to 1.6 MYA

jaw reconstruction of extinct megatooth shark Carcharadon megalodon 1909 (3x too large) recent SI estimate

Carcharodon megalodon mechanical megatooth “Bruce” Amityville, New England by Peter Benchley, 1974

heart pericardium:rigidsoft

intestine

Distinguishing CharactersProcesses skeleton fins fin rays scales jaws teeth heart intestine respiration regulation sensory reception reproduction

Respiration spiracles eyes electroreceptors nares 5 gill slits (6, 7)

great white shark gill arch ~ gill slit

ram ventilation

Regulation: ions retain nitrogen waste = [seawater]

OsteichthyesChondrichthyesBirds Nitrogen waste:

lipid-filled liver 1/3 of body wt 90% oil = buoyancy at any pressure = food reserve Regulation: buoyancy

Sensory Systems spiracles eyes electroreceptors nares 5 gill slits (6, 7)

photoreception tapetum lucidum (choroid layer) color vision lens muscles

chemoreception 1 drop of blood in Olympic-size pool most sensitive to proteins

mechanoreception low frequency sounds

electroreception Stefano Lorenzini Italy, 1678 AC muscle DC wounding

perpendicular forces

sexually dimorphic male female Reproduction cloaca anal and urogenital opening

myxopterygia

internal fertilization

embryo development external internal nutrient sources yolk placenta eggs embryos no larval stage

oviparity eggs develop external ~40%

“live” ovoviviparity eggs develop internal

viviparity young develops internal

life history strategy large size long life late maturity infrequent mating long gestation few large young