Invertebrate Animals Phyla: Phylum Porifera Phylum Cnidaria Phylum Platyhelminthes Phylum Nematoda Cnidaria Nomura Jellyfish Nematoda Platyhelminthes 1

Invertebrate Animals Phylum Mollusca Phylum Annelida Phylum Arthropoda Phylum Echinodermata Arthropoda Echinodermata Annelida Polychete worm 2

Taxonomy Kingdom – Animalia Subkingdom – Parazoa (lacks tissues) Phylum – Porifera (Pore-bearing)

Branching Tube Sponge 5

Stove Pipe Sponge 6

Vase Sponges 7

Barrel Sponges 8

Ball Sponges 10

Rope Sponges 11

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Characteristics Simplest of all animals Most are marine Saltwater sponges - brightly colored Freshwater sponges - small and dull green color Size – 2 meters to 2 cm Skeleton of protein fibers called spongin or spicules.

Sponge Skeletons Silica Spicules Limestone Spicules SPONGIN

Sponge Skeletons VENUS FLOWER BASKET SPICULES

Characteristics Asymmetrical Have pores all over their bodies Water enters through pores bringing in food and oxygen Osculum – large opening at the top where excess water leaves Asymmetrical

Water Flow Through the Sponge WATER OUT Water Flow Through the Sponge WATER IN Osculum

Movement Sessile as adults (attach to rocks) Free-swimming larval stage

Choanocytes line the gastrovascular cavity & capture food Amebocytes digest & distribute food

Filter feeders on plankton Nutrition: Filter feeders on plankton Choanocytes (collar cells) line inside of body cavity Have flagella that spins to pull in water & food Collar traps plankton (food) from water

Pick up food from choanocytes Amebocytes: Pick up food from choanocytes Finish digestion Take food to other cells

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m8a0oNsDEx8

Sponge releasing eggs & sperm Sponge Reproduction Sponges are hermaphrodites (produce both eggs & sperm) Sponges reproduce Sexually by releasing eggs & sperm into the water from the osculum Cross-fertilize each other’s eggs Form a larva that settles on a rock and grow into an adult sponge Sponge releasing eggs & sperm

Sponge Reproduction Sponges can regenerate (regrow) lost body parts Also reproduce asexually by budding and fragmentation (pieces break off & form a new sponge)

Surviving Harsh Conditions Write on the back of the graphic organizer Gemmules are specialized buds made to survive harsh weather (hot or cold)

Contain food, amebocytes, and a protective covering of spicules Released when a sponge dies Become adult sponge once conditions become favorable