Plan B…. The Constitutional Convention

IV.The Constitutional Convention May 25, 1787 to Sept. 17, 1787 A. Who attended delegates from 12 states a. all white b. All male c. Average age—42 d. ¾ of the delegates had been members of the Confederation Congress f. For the most part all were rich

B.Major Players 1. George Washington Presided over Constitutional Convention

George Mason Bill of Rights

Ben Franklin

William Paterson The New Jersey Plan

James Madison Father of the Constitution Drafted Virginia Plan

Edmund Randolph Introduced Virginia Plan

Luther Martin Helped formulate NJ Plan

Alexander Hamilton The British Plan

Charles Pinckney Pinckney’s Plan Introduced Fugitive Slave Clause

Gouverneur Morris Wrote the Constitution Preamble

Roger Sherman Connecticut Plan “The Great Compromise”

V. The Conflict over Representation or in other words, how to make a fair Congress A.Conflict between Big States and Small States 1. Small states were afraid Big states would control the new Congress. Small states wanted equal representation. a. The New Jersey Plan—Small states wanted one house where each state had one vote. 2. Big States thought it unfair that small states had so much power. Big states wanted proportional representation. a. The Virginia Plan—Big states wanted two houses where representation was determined by population..

B.The Great Compromise (Connecticut Plan) 1. Congress would have two houses. Bills had to pass both houses to become law a. The House of Representatives (Lower House) i. Elected by the people ii. Based on proportional representation iii. The House of representatives had sole authority to start tax or spending laws.

b. The Senate (Upper House) i. Appointed by the states (then) ii. Equal representation—two senators for each state iii. The Senate would confirm all judges and ambassadors and approve treaties

VI Passing the Constitution A. State Conventions 1. Madison’s Plan: a. Each State had to approve the Constitution by calling a state wide convention. Madison believed that this would allow the most people to vote on the Constitution. The State legislatures would not vote on the Constitution b. 9 out of 13 states had to approve the Constitutionbefore it became law.

3 Major Issues Debated: Representation Slavery Tariffs

Tariffs (Tax on imported goods) Northern states- thought it was important for economy Southern states- felt it would hurt their businesses. Didn’t want Nat'l Gov’t to have control over trade Result of debate….?

Slavery Northern states agreed to the demand of slavery. Constitution states that slavery would not end before Also agreed to the Fugitive Slave Clause Then passed the 3/5 Clause

3/5 Clause Helped determine the number of representatives a state would have. Slaves were considered property so they would be counted as 3/5 a person.

Types of Desired Government Confederation- States are independent and have control of anything that effects their citizens and territory

Federalism- Dividing and sharing of powers between the central and local governments with some power left to the people.

Who is for and who is against the Constitution Federalists - Supported the Constitution Wanted a strong government Anti-Federalists - Opposed ratifying the Constitution. Wanted a weak government Read the fine print: The Necessary and Proper Clause and the General Welfare Clause

The Necessary and Proper Clause (Article 1) “The Congress shall have Power - To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.”

Issues with this: Anti-FederalistsAnti-Federalists - clause would grant the federal government too much power. FederalistsFederalists -the clause would only permit execution of power already granted by the Constitution. Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton argued for why the federal government required the powers of taxation. (Hamilton = banks!)

General Welfare Clause aka The Taxing and Spending Clause (article 1) It is the clause that gives the government its power of taxation

Anti-Federalists vs. Federalists 1787 – Republican Government only works in small communities. Our Nation is too big for it to work. 1. It will work because our leaders have Civic Virtue 2. National Government would have too much power 2. That Power is necessary. It is controlled by Separation of powers and Checks and balances. 3. The Necessary and Proper Clause and the General Welfare Clause are too broad. 3. Congress has to have this power. It is controlled by Checks and balances 4. There is too much power in the Presidency. It could become a monarchy 4. No it won’t. The presidents power is controlled by checks and balances, impeachment, and civic virtue. 5. There is no Bill of Rights5. If you list rights, people will think that you only have those rights. Anti-FederalistsFederalists

The big compromise to ratify was the…. BILL OF RIGHTS!!!!

VII.Political parties A.The Framers’ Opinion 1.They believed Political parties were dangerous. 2. Madison thought the Constitution could control Political Parties

B. The Birth of Political parties. Hamilton (Treasury)Jefferson (State)

1. Wanted a strong National Government 1.Wanted a weak National Government 2. Wanted Industry2. Wanted farming 3. Wanted to interpret the Constitution loosely 3. Wanted to interpret the Constitution strictly 4. Read the “Necessary and Proper” clause to allow for a National Bank 4. Read the “Necessary and Proper “clause to NOT allow a National Bank 5. Supported England5. Supported France HamiltonJefferson

Hamilton Federalists Hamiltonians Jefferson Democrat -Republicans Jeffersonians