Proteins. What are proteins? Chain of molecules of Amino Acids called a polypeptide chain Found in: muscle, hormones, enzymes Monomers of proteins are.

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Presentation transcript:

Proteins

What are proteins? Chain of molecules of Amino Acids called a polypeptide chain Found in: muscle, hormones, enzymes Monomers of proteins are amino acids –20 total AA

Major Functions of Proteins 1.Provide energy 2. Enzyme catalyst: speed up rxn 3. Defense: use shape to recognize foreign invaders

4. Transport: hemoglobin-oxygen to RBC 5.Support: fibrous proteins 1.Fibrin in blood clots 2.Collagen-matrix of skin

Amino Acids Monomers of Proteins All contain: 1. Amino group NH 2 2. Carboxyl group –COOH 3. R group -different for every AA -determines the properties of AA Joined together by peptide bonds

Peptide Bonds Amino acids join together by peptide bond Forms when amino end of one AA joins to carboxyl end of another AA by dehydration synthesis.

Protein structures As AA join, R groups interact and cause molecules to bond 1.Primary-straight chain 2.Secondary- α-helix or β-pleated sheet 3.Tertiary-mass 4.Quaternary-2 proteins combined

Enzymes All enzymes are proteins Speed up chemical rxn; catalyst Shape of protein allows it to bond to specific molecules called substrates, causes a change in shape Examples maltase: breaks down maltose into 2 glucose lipase: breaks down lipids into fatty acids protease: breaks down proteins into amino acids **works best under certain temperatures or pH

Enzymes

Induced fit model Enzymes are specific ch/lab2/induced.htmlhttp:// ch/lab2/induced.html hill.com/sites/ /student_view0/chapter2/ani mation__how_enzymes_work.htmlhttp://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/ /student_view0/chapter2/ani mation__how_enzymes_work.html