Unit 4: The First Global Age (1450-1770) Global History II Review

Mesoamerican Civilizations Geography Central America Mayans Farming and trade were important Maize was a staple crop Polytheistic beliefs- made human sacrifices Established social hierarchy Contributions: Pyramids, farming, calendar

Mesoamerican Civilizations Aztecs Expanded through military conquest Established social hierarchy Polytheistic beliefs- made human sacrifices Contributions: Calendar, floating gardens Incas Centralized and efficient government Build roads to link empire through Andes Mts. Terrace farming (cut into mountain side)

Ming Dynasty in China Restoration of Chinese Rule Contributions Middle Kingdom- belief China was the center of the earth and source of civilization Government reforms revived ideas of Confucius and Civil Service System Contributions Improved food production Repaired canals and expanded trade network Porcelain

Ming Dynasty in China China and the West Impact on Asia Europeans were very interested in China but China felt Europe was inferior Impact on Asia Korea: Civil Service, porcelain, writing Japan: Buddhism, art, writing, technology SEA: Religion, civil service system

Ottoman Empire Rise of Ottoman Empire (1400s) 1453 conquered Constantinople and expanded around ME/ Mediterranean Sea Expanded from superior military technology Europeans seek new trade routes Ottomans disrupted European trade Europeans searched for routes around ME

Ottoman Empire Lasting Achievements and Impact Absorbed Byzantine influences Suleiman gave laws to the people Diverse population and tolerance Built mosques and practiced Islam Decline of Ottoman Empire Internal disorder- government corruption European advancements ahead of Turks Loss in World War I

Exploration and Imperialism Eve of Exploration Reconquista: Spanish conquest of Muslim Sp. Brutal attacks by Christians on Muslims and Jews Europeans sought Spices from Asia and sought routes other than through the ME New Technologies: Printing press, gunpowder, better maps, & astrolabe

Exploration and Imperialism Early Explorations and Encounters Exploration of Africa and Asia Vasco Da Gama reaches India Columbus reaches the Americas Wanted to find an alternative route to India Europeans compete for Colonies Imperialism in Africa- divided up continent Imperialism in Asia- trade posts set up in Asia Colonies like India (Britain) became important

Exploration and Imperialism Europeans compete for Colonies Imperialism in the Americas Spanish conquistadors conquered civilizations Defeated Aztecs and Inca and established colonies Established the encomienda system Triangular Trade and Slavery Africans were taken as slaves to work in the Americas after the native populations died

Exploration and Imperialism Spanish Empire Developed encomeinda system using slaves Catholic Church was influential Social class structure: Peninsulars & Creoles were on top Columbian Exchange Resources from old and new worlds were introduced to new environments Mercantilism-policy of gaining as much wealth as possible for the colonial powers from its colonies

Absolutism and the Puritans Global Absolutism Absolutism- autocratic rulers had complete power to rule over the government and people Divine Right- king rules by the will of God Examples: Philip II, Louis XIV, Peter the Great Reaction to Absolutism in England Issues between ruler and people (parliament) English Civil War is fought between the Puritans and the Crown Glorious Revolution: non-violent overthrow of the English King English Bill of Rights Provides for a limited (constitutional) monarchy Provides for basic rights to the people of England