Corrective Lenses Holly Shafer TEED 1103 Prof: Carter Technology Assessment

Origins  Rome- 100 B.C.  Glass bottle filled with water  Reading stone A.D.  First spectacles were made between 1268 and 1289  Quartz lenses held together by wood, bone, leather, or metal

Problems: How to keep them on  Spain- 17 th century- ribbons of silk  China- ceramic & metal weights  Edward Scarlett of London  Ridged side pieces  James Ayscough  Double hinged side pieces  Silver Spectacles

Evolution of corrective lenses  Concave lenses- 16 th century  Monocle – early 18 th century  Bifocals: Benjamin Franklin- 1870s  Scissor-glasses – 18 th century  Lorgnette – 18 th century  Pince-nez – 19 th century

Materials:  Glass  Plastic- 1940s  Hi-Index  Polycarbonate  Trivex  Aspheric  Anti-reflective Coatings  Scratch-Resistant Coatings  Ultraviolet Treatments  Polarized Lenses  Photochromatic Lenses

Process: video

How do corrective lenses work?

Modern Corrective Lenses  Styled frames made of different materials- plastics, metals, composites  Contact lenses:  Vision correction  As an accessory  Surgery:  LASIK LASIK  PRK/ASA  Implanted contacts

Social Impacts  14 th century  Europe  French  Partisan aristocrats  Spain  Bifocals  Monocle  WWI- German Military  ~Benefits that you are not aware of~Benefits that you are not aware of

Negative impacts on society:  Visual distortation  Extremely poor vision  Name calling

Impacts on culture & society  Gutenberg's invention of the printing press  Andrew Jackson  Thomas Edison's light bulb  1926 – Television  Computers  Timeline Timeline

Weighing in on the: Negative Benefits  Temporary solution  Prevent self healing  Eye strain  Social stigma Positive Benefits  Improved vision  Read books  Read from afar  Drive