India, Pakistan and Afghanistan GDP/capita India - $4,000 Pakistan - $3,100 Afghanistan - $1,100

Three Columns OWN IT: you will list terms here that you know, can define, feel you understand completely FAMILIAR W/IT: this column is for terms you have heard, might be able to fake knowing, but really aren’t sure exactly how to use WHAT IS IT: this final column is for terms that are very new to you and that you know you must learn

The TERMS for you to sort and master: Taj Mahal Benazir Bhutto Hinduism Osama bin-Laden Islam drones caste system Khyber Pass Kashmir Taliban partition secular Pervez Musharraf al-Qaeda

Political

Physical

What is this?

Taj Mahal Built from 1632-1653 It is a mausoleum for the third wife of emperor Shah Jahan, who died during the birth of their 14th child Should guilty seek asylum here, Like one pardoned, he becomes free from sin. Should a sinner make his way to this mansion, All his past sins are to be washed away. The sight of this mansion creates sorrowing sighs; And the sun and the moon shed tears from their eyes. In this world this edifice has been made; To display thereby the creator’s glory.

India Cut off from the rest of the continent by deserts, mountains and jungles. Ancient culture – 3rd millennium BCE Hinduism developed 1500BCE Amalgamation of many different influences over the centuries Responsible for the ruling the practical aspects of life Colonized by Britain – including Pakistan Partitioned in 1947 Pakistan and India separated (religious differences)

Issues Population Caste system Poverty 1.2 billion Feeding this many people is a problem Dependent on foreign aid Caste system Steeped in tradition Does not allow movement between the classes Poverty 400 million in dire poverty

Poverty World-wide issue Read “The End of Extreme Poverty?” Complete the (2-sided) worksheet on your own paper.

Issues Population Caste system Poverty Kashmir 1.2 billion Feeding this many people is a problem Dependent on foreign aid Caste system Steeped in tradition Does not allow movement between the classes Poverty 400 million in dire poverty Kashmir Territorial dispute between India, Pakistan and China

Kashmir An agreement in 1947 gave control to India After an undeclared war Pakistan retained control over 38% Several wars later, the lines remain the same

What is this?

Mohenjo-daro Ruins of the ancient Indus River civilization Abandoned by the Indus people around the 19th century BCE Rediscovered in 1922 Presently threatened by erosion and improper restoration… why?

Pakistan Under British control considered part of India 1947 partition – split from India and from itself… Bangladesh Earned their independence after a war with India Since 1947, Pakistan has spent half that time under military control Creates political and economic instability 1998 – both India and Pakistan test nuclear weapons

U.S. and Pakistan Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in the 80s forced a relationship Pakistan became dependent on aid Development of the nuclear weaponry severed relations for a time 1999 – another military coup – Gen. Pervez Musharraf became president After 9/11, the U.S. had to reestablish connections with Pakistan to fight al-Qaeda in Afghanistan Strained relationship Political strife – assassination of moderate Benazir Bhutto Osama bin Laden found in their country Drone strikes

What is this?

Khyber Pass Mountain pass connecting Afghanistan and Pakistan Very old – Silk Road Famous for many invasions over the millennia Darius I Alexander the Great Genghis Khan

Afghanistan Landlocked country No easy access to trade Crossroads Borders have been determined by outsiders Majority ethnicity is the Pashtu people Multiple minority ethnicities Ruling monarchy until 1973, coup led to downward spiral Invasion by USSR in 1979 Withdrew in 1989 (their “Vietnam”) Resulted in chaos and warfare Taliban regime takes control in 1996 Extremist Islamic law instituted Protected al-Qaeda