WAN Wide Area Networks. Review: zCapacity Allocation: phone system zBandwidth Allocation: data systems.

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Presentation transcript:

WAN Wide Area Networks

Review: zCapacity Allocation: phone system zBandwidth Allocation: data systems

WAN Access Network

WAN zIntercommunication over public networks zTypically slower and more expensive than backbone or LAN

Connections zConnection Oriented Circuits Have a mechanism to confirm delivery and assure that packets are processed in order xCircuits xPacket Assembly Devices zNon-Connection Oriented Circuits yDeliver packets individually without regard to message sequence

Wan Resources zBandwidth zAccess zTechnology

Bandwidth Total transport capacity

North American Digital Hierarchy zT Kbps64 Kbps zT Mbps24xT0 zT Mbps96xT0 zT Mbps672xT0 zT Mbps4032xT0

Multiplexing and Wide Area Communication VOICE STREAM WAN LINK MUX

Multiplexing and Wide Area Communication DATA STREAM A WAN LINK DATA STREAM B MUX

Node Functions zMessage forwarding zError detection and correction zTraffic management

CSU/DSU: Digital Service Unit/Channel Service Unit

Access Methods of controlling the WAN traffic

Traffic Management zAccess Control zBuffering zPacket Discard

Circuits vs Packets Circuits Switched xpath xsetup and teardown Permanent Packets datagram

Switches zCut-through switch zStore-and-forward switch

Switches (Store & Forward) Input Buffer Proces- sor Output Buffer H To D Table of Addresses Input Buffer Output Buffer From A H H

Routers Input Buffer Proces- sor Output Buffer From AFrom B To CTo D Table of Addresses Input Buffer Output Buffer

Router Functions Layer 1, 2, and 3 functions yPacket passing xError correction yMessage routing xIncluding circuit definition yProtocol translation yFirewall functions

Circuit Logic Source Destination Setup Message & ACK’s Teardown

Datagram Logic Packet n Packet 1Packet 2

Technologies Common WAN technologies.

X.25 zOlder protocol for using packet switched data zOperates up to 56.6 Kbps zSwitched virtual circuit zPAD

TCP/IP zBest Effort zAddressing zIPv4 vs IPv6 zFrame and Header

TCP/IP

OSI and TCP/IP 7. Application 6. Presentation 5. Session 4. Transport 3. Network 2. Data link 1. Physical OSITCP/IP Process & Application Host to host (TCP) Internet (IP) Network access

Datagram Routing zBest effort zError Control zTraffic Management

IP Header (Layer 3)

TCP Header

IP Addressing z32 bits (4 bytes) yNetwork address + yHost address zClasses yA:126 nets, 3 bytes of client addresses yB:2 bytes of client addresses (e.g. OU) yC:1 byte of client addresses (256)

ISDN

Frame Relay zFrames relayed without reconstruction zEnd to end error control using CRC error detection at layer 3 level zVariable packet size zVirtual circuit (usually permanent) zMultiple data rates yCommitted Data Rate yPeak data rate (discard eligible)

ATM

ATM Traffic Classes zType 1Constant Bit Rate zType 2Variable Bit Rate zType 3 zType 4 zType 5IP Traffic

ATM

SNA zConnection Oriented zCentrally Managed

WAN Costs zCircuit Charges zCommitted Bandwidth zPeak Bandwidth zDiscard Priority zLatency

WAN