Transportation Systems Highway System Air Transportation System Railway System Water Transportation System (Pipeline System) Technologies Users Government Agencies Legislation Levels of Services Vehicles Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4

Schematic Illustration of Highway Functional Classification Interstate Highway Major Arterial Minor Arterial Collector Local Street Properties Driveway

1916 First Federal Road Act after motor vehicles were invented match A formula (area, pop, mileage) 1921 Federal-Aid Highway Act 1) Funding on designated routes and 2) maintenance by states 1944 Federal-Aid Highway Act 1) National System of Interstate Hwy 2)Federal-Aided Secondary System 1956 Federal-Aid Highway Act National System of Interstate and Defense Highways match Hwy Trust Fund 1962 FAH on Continuing Cooperative Comprehensive Planning on Urban Transport Facilities. Figure 2-1 Legislative Activities in Highway Transportation

1966 National Traffic and Motor Veh. Safety Act and Hwy Safety Act, NHTSA, Safety Standards, hwy safety program. FAH, Urban Hwy System Impacts on economic, social,and environ. Hwy/LU FAH, Economic Growth Center Development hwy. Transit funding from the general fund 1964 Urban Mass Transportation Act $375 transit Assistance Figure 2-1 Legislative Activities in Highway Transportation (Cont’d) Mass Transport Assistant Act 7.8 billion, Fed-State 4.0 billion, Fed-Local Six years Surface Transportation Assistance Act 5.9 b discretionary grants four years

1987 Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act Safety Program Transit Funding Figure 2-1 Legislative Activities in Highway Transportation (Cont’d) 1980 Motor Carrier Act 1982 Surface Transportation Assistance Act for deteriorating hwy. Gas tax 9c, 4R program, Transit Funding /98 ISTEA Integrated funding for both hwy and transit programs NHS, Surface Transportation Programs for any surface projects, IVHS, Safety ISTEA Reauthorization

Wright Brothers Air Mail Service, Air Mail Act 1926 Air Commerce Act for air navigation and safety 1930 Air mail Act Postmaster General’s control on air industry 1936 Airmail Act. Air industry controlled by Post Office(air mail), ICC(rate to carriers), Depart. Of Commerce (safety and airway system) Civil Aeronautics Act Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) (legislative authority) Civil Aeronautics Admin (safety and airway) Figure 2-2 Legislative Activities in Air Transportation # of letters ---- weigh/distance--- space

1958 Federal Aviation Act Federal Admin. Agency to replace CAA CAB and FAA responsibilities Airport and Airway Development Act, Airport and Airway Revenue Act Airport and Airway coordination by planning and funding Public hearing, Taxes for AA Trust Fund (General fund -Taxes) 1946 Federal Airport Act developing national system of airports 1970 Figure 2-2 Legislative Activities in Air Transportation (Cont’d) Airline Deregulation Act Deregulate domestic air passenger operations (CAB gone) Airport Development Acceleration Act

1982 Airport and Airway Improvement Act Airport, air traffic control and navigation Figure 2-2 Legislative Activities in Air Transportation (Cont’d) 1992 Airport and Airway Improvement Act Safety and noise compatibility Ground Access

Before 1834 Federal Land Grants 1852 Right of Way through public lands 1862 Revenue Bill Taxes on rail operations 1887 Interstate Commerce Act for rail operations in interstate commerce. ICC 1938 Transportation Act returned rail carriers to private operations after War I Figure 2-3 Legislative Activities in Rail Transportation

1958 Transportation Act Provide relief measures to prevent the declines of rail traffic 1970 Rail Passenger Service Act Bring financial relief to passenger service, AMTRAK National Railroad Passenger Corp Regional Rail Reorganization Act United States Railway Association (USRA) ConRail 1976 Rail Transportation Improvement Act Provided more funding to save ConRail Figure 2-3 Legislative Activities in Rail Transportation (Cont’d) Railroad and Regulatory Reform Act (4-R act) $6.5 b Federal Aid, rates by railroads

1980 Staggars Rail Act Competition not regulatory discretion to save rail industry 1998 Competition results in the merge of ConRail, CSX, and Norfolk Southern Clinton’s NEXTEA proposal to fund AMTRAK through Highway Trust Fund. Figure 2-3 Legislative Activities in Rail Transportation (Cont’d)

Before 1850 New York Barge Canal, Canal on Ohio River, and other canals Rivers and Harbors Act Board of Engineers (Corps of Engineers) Waterway improvements 1912 Panama Canal Act Rail and inland water use of Panama Canal Transportation Act Encouraged, promoted, and developed water transportation Inland Waterways Corp. Figure 2-4 Legislative Activities in Water Transportation 1916 Shipping Board Act for Ocean Transportation

1940 Transportation Act Regulations of domestic water carriers Public Law inland water user fee 1984 Merchant Marine Act, Subsidies for ocean transport Figure 2-4 Legislative Activities in Water Transportation (Cont’d) Merchant Marine Act, significantly funding to save ocean transport Shipping Act Allowed to compete by providing freedom to make rates and services