Chinese writing system Hui-Ju Chuang University of Hawaii-Manoa

Sound system review Initials Simple finals a o e i u ü b p m f d t n l g k h j q x z c s zh ch sh r Hui-Ju Chuang

Sound system review cha xiang xu lu su qian re nan zhou Hui-Ju Chuang

Sound system review zū cǒng fùmǔ zhèng shuì huì jiǔ xuě bànyè yóng Hui-Ju Chuang

Tone changed rules When a third tone syllable is followed by another third tone syllable, the first syllable change to second tone e.g. hěn hǎo --> hén hǎo (very good) hǎo jiǔ  -->háo jiǔ (good wine) Hui-Ju Chuang

But only apply to two words yì (one) and bù (not) When two forth tone syllables occur together, the first syllable will change to second tone But only apply to two words yì (one) and bù (not) e.g. yì dìng --->yí dìng (definitely) bù duì--> bú duì (not correct) Hui-Ju Chuang

Numbers 10, 20, 30, 40…90 十(shí), 二十(èr shí), 三十(sān shí), … 11~19 十一(shí yī), 十二(shí èr), 十三(shí sān), … Hui-Ju Chuang

Chinese writing system Six categories 象形 (xiàngxíng) Pictographs Hui-Ju Chuang

Chinese writing system 2. 指事 (zhǐshì) Self-explanatory characters Hui-Ju Chuang

Chinese writing system 3. 會意(huìyì) Associative compounds Sun moon - bright 日rì 月yuè 明míng 4. 形聲(xíngshēng) Pictophonetic characters Hui-Ju Chuang

Chinese writing system 5. 轉注(zhuǎnzhù) Mutually explanatory characters e.g. 老 lǎo 考kǎo ‘elder’ ‘to test’ 6. 假借 (jiǎjiè) Phonetic loan characters e.g. 來lái 花huā ‘to come’ ‘flower/to spend’ Hui-Ju Chuang

Chinese basic stroke 點 ‘dot’ 橫 ‘horizontal’ 豎 ‘vertical’ 撇 ‘downward left’ 捺 ‘downward right’ 提 ‘upward’ 橫鈎 ‘horizontal hook’ 豎鈎 ‘vertical hook’ 斜鈎 ‘slanted hook’ 橫折 ‘horizontal bend’ 豎折 ‘vertical bend’ Hui-Ju Chuang

Guidelines for stroke order A. From left to right B. From top to bottom C. Horizontal before vertical D. From outside to inside E. Middle before two sides F. Inside before closing Hui-Ju Chuang

Useful expressions A: Nǐ hǎo! ‘How do you do?’ B: Nǐ hǎo! ‘How do you do?’ A: Dàjiā hǎo! ‘How are you, everyone?’ B: Lǎoshī hǎo! ‘How are you, teacher?’ Hui-Ju Chuang

Shàng kè ‘Let’s begin the class.’ Xià kè ‘The class is over.’ A: Míngbai ma? ‘Do you understand?’ B: Míngbai le. ‘Yes, I/we understand.’ A: Dǒng bù dǒng? ‘Do you understand?’ B: Dǒng le. ‘Yes, I/we understand.’ Hui-Ju Chuang

‘Please repeat after me.’ Qǐng zài shōu yí biàn. Qǐng wèn….. Xièxie! Qǐng gēn wǒ shōu. ‘Please repeat after me.’ Qǐng zài shōu yí biàn. ‘Please say it again.’ Qǐng wèn….. ‘Excuse me…; May I ask…?’ Xièxie! ‘Thank you.’ Hui-Ju Chuang