Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C1 Objectives ❏ To understand design concepts for fixed-length and variable- length strings ❏

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Presentation transcript:

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C1 Objectives ❏ To understand design concepts for fixed-length and variable- length strings ❏ To understand the design implementation for C-language delimited strings ❏ To write programs that read, write, and manipulate strings ❏ To write programs that use the string functions ❏ To write programs that use arrays of strings ❏ To write programs that parse a string into separate variables ❏ To understand the software engineering concepts of information hiding and cohesion Chapter 11 Chapter 11 Strings Strings

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C String Concepts In general, a string is a series of characters treated as a unit. Computer science has long recognized the importance of strings, but it has not adapted a standard for their implementation. We find, therefore, that a string created in Pascal differs from a string created in C. Fixed-Length Strings Variable-Length Strings Topics discussed in this section:

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C3 FIGURE 11-1 String Taxonomy

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C4 FIGURE 11-2 String Formats

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C C Strings A C string is a variable-length array of characters that is delimited by the null character. Storing Strings The String Delimiter String Literals Strings and Characters Declaring Strings Initializing Strings Strings and the Assignment Operator Reading and Writing Strings Topics discussed in this section:

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C6 C uses variable-length, delimited strings. Note

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C7 FIGURE 11-3 Storing Strings

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C8 FIGURE 11-4 Storing Strings and Characters

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C9 FIGURE 11-5 Differences Between Strings and Character Arrays

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C10 FIGURE 11-6 Strings in Arrays

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C11 A string literal is enclosed in double quotes. Note

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C12 FIGURE 11-7 Character Literals and String Literals

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C13 FIGURE 11-8 String Literal References

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C14 FIGURE 11-9 Defining Strings

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C15 Memory for strings must be allocated before the string can be used. Note

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C16 FIGURE Initializing Strings

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C String Input/Output Functions C provides two basic ways to read and write strings. First, we can read and write strings with the formatted input/output functions, scanf/fscanf and printf/fprintf. Second, we can use a special set of string-only functions, get string (gets/fgets) and put string ( puts/fputs ). Formatted String Input/Output String Input/Output Topics discussed in this section:

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C18 The string conversion code(s) skips whitespace. Note

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C19 PROGRAM 11-1Reading Strings

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C20 The edit set does not skip whitespace. Note

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C21 Always use a width in the field specification when reading strings. Note

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C22 The maximum number of characters to be printed is specified by the precision in the format string of the field specification. Note

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C23 PROGRAM 11-2Demonstrate String Scan Set

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C24 PROGRAM 11-2Demonstrate String Scan Set

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C25 PROGRAM 11-3Delete Leading Whitespace

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C26 PROGRAM 11-3Delete Leading Whitespace

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C27 PROGRAM 11-4Read Student Names and Scores

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C28 PROGRAM 11-4Read Student Names and Scores

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C29 FIGURE gets and fgets Functions

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C30 PROGRAM 11-5Demonstrate fgets Operation

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C31 PROGRAM 11-5Demonstrate fgets Operation

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C32 FIGURE puts and fputs Operations

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C33 PROGRAM 11-6Demonstration of Put String

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C34 PROGRAM 11-6Demonstration of Put String

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C35 PROGRAM 11-7Typewriter Program

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C36 PROGRAM 11-7Typewriter Program

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C37 PROGRAM 11-8Print Selected Sentences

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C38 PROGRAM 11-8Print Selected Sentences

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C39 PROGRAM 11-9Print File Double spaced

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C40 PROGRAM 11-9Print File Double spaced

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C Arrays of Strings When we discussed arrays of pointers in Chapter 10, we introduced the concept of a ragged array. Ragged arrays are very common with strings. Consider, for example, the need to store the days of the week in their textual format. We could create a two-dimensional array of seven days by ten characters, but this wastes space.

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C42 PROGRAM 11-10Print Days of the Week

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C43 PROGRAM 11-10Print Days of the Week

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C44 FIGURE Pointers to Strings