Site Investigation and Storage Structure Sizing CNMP Core Curriculum Section 4 – Manure Wastewater Storage and Handling

CNMP Development Core Training Curriculum These course materials have been developed as a cooperative effort between five land-grant universities and The Natural Resources Conservation Service. Ames, Iowa 50011, (515) Copyright © , Iowa State University of Science and Technology. All rights reserved. Copyright Information

Objectives Students should become familiar with necessary considerations for siting and sizing waste storage facilities. In this section, students will learn what soil and geologic issues should be considered where structures should be located.

Required Materials USDA – NRCS. Conservation Practice Standard 313 Waste Storage Facility. Washington D.C. USDA – NRCS. Conservation Practice Standard 359 Waste Treatment Lagoon. Washington D.C. USDA – NRCS Animal Waste Management Field Handbook, Part 651, Chapter 10, Agricultural Waste Management System Component Design. Washington D.C. ftp://ftp.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/downloads/wastemgmt/AWMF H/awmfh-chap10.pdf. ftp://ftp.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/downloads/wastemgmt/AWMF H/awmfh-chap10.pdf

Siting Waste Storage Facilities

Siting Waste Storage Facilities

Be sure to identify all existing storage facilities: –Location –Surface Area –Design and Existing Capacity Discuss the need to upgrade existing facilities to meet minimum NRCS standards. Key Points -

Siting Waste Storage Facilities

Waste Storage Facility 313 Waste Treatment Lagoon 359

Site Investigation

(a) Corrosivity (b) Location of water table (c) Depth to rock (d) Stability for embankment and excavated cut slopes (e) Excavatability (f) Seismic stability (g) Dispersion (h) Permeability (i) Puncturability (j) Settlement potential (k) Shrink/swell (l) Topography (m) Availability and suitability of borrow material (n) Presence of abandoned wells and other relics of past use Site Investigation Engineering Geology Considerations in Planning -

Site Investigation

Determine Intensity of the Investigation –Your experience –Quality of information –Complexity of the site –Regulations Consult Geologist, Geotechnical Engineer, and/or a Soil Scientist for Complex Sites

Site Investigation Prior to Investigation Study Existing Background Information: –Soil Surveys –Topography Maps –Aerial Photos –Geologic Maps –Geologic Reports –Conservation Plans –Well Logs

Site Investigation –Use Existing Background Information to Identify Potential Concerns: Karst Terrain Groundwater Organic Materials Wells – “CALL BEFORE YOU DIG” Prior to site investigation.

Site Investigation Perform on-site investigation –Earthfills: 1 pit/boring/100 lineal feet –Storage Area: 1 pit/boring/10,000 ft 2 Go  2 ft. below planned grade or refusal. Find 150 % borrow for clay liner. –Red Flags: High water table Seeps in sand/gravel lenses Bedrock  2 ft. below grade

Site Investigation Characterize the Site and Borrow Materials –Use Unified Soil Classification System to log soils at the site. ASTM D-2488, Standard Practice for Description and Identification of Soils by Visual-Manual Procedures. –Be sure to identify depth, color, and texture of soil layers.

Survey site during investigation to determine: –Topography –Existing ground elevation –Water table elevations –Location and bottom elevation of geology investigation pit. Site Investigation

Goal: Adequately investigate the site to know what lies beneath. Site Investigation

Geology Note 3 - Investigation Process –Reconnaissance –Geologic Mapping –Investigational Objectives –Safety –Report Requirements –Monitoring and Evaluation Site Investigation

Testing to Request –Unified Classification (ASTM D2487) Percent Fines (< #200 Sieve) –Atterberg Limits (ASTM D4318) –Hydraulic Conductivity (ASTM D5084) –Standard Proctor (ASTM D698) Sample Size –100 pounds for tests listed above –Small sample for Natural Water Content Site Investigation

Geology Note 5 – Soil Sample Size for Laboratory Analysis

NRCS Guidance Statement of Work

Other Siting Considerations Culture Resources –Known Native Americans –Check with local NRCS office –Local Knowledge –Stop – Wait – Investigate - Document-Next Step On-Site Burial Pits –Hazardous Waste –Mortalities –Landfill material

Utilize Geologic/Soils information, NRCS procedures, policy, and guidance to investigate a site. Perform thorough site investigation and document findings. Summary