Advantages & Disadvantages The North had better access to supplies and transportation. They produced 90% of the country’s weapons, cloth, shoes, and iron ˚ The South felt its soldiers were better prepared to fight. They did a lot of hunting and were familiar with weapons.

Union Strategies  Lincoln consulted General Winfield Scott who fought in the Mexican War.  He suggested a blockade of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the Confederacy. Blockade – is the shutting off of an area by troops or ships to keep people and supplies from moving in or out.

Union Strategies  Winfield Scott also wanted to gain control of the Mississippi River and cut the Confederacy in half.

Union Strategies  Winfield Scott also wanted to attack the Confederacy from the east and west.  This strategy was called the Anaconda Plan. Anaconda Plan – Union strategy for defeating the Confederacy by attacking from the east and the west.

Confederate Strategies  It believed that the Confederacy only had to defend its territory until the North got tired and gave up.  The south thought their soldiers were more willing to fight.  They also thought that Britain would help them because British clothing mills depended on Southern cotton.  Britain no longer needed their cotton because they were getting it from Egypt and India.

Early Battles  The First Battle of Bull Run  Lincoln sent 35,000 troops to attack the capital of the Confederacy, Richmond Virginia.  The Union troops ran into Confederate troops at a stream called Bull Run near the town of Manassas Junction, Virginia.

The First Battle of Bull Run  The Battle of Bull Run went back and forth and eventually a southern general told his men to hold their place.  The troops listened and they stood “like a stone wall”, and the general became known as Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson.

Early Battles  Many battles were taking place, and the South seemed to be winning.  Union and Confederate troops met near the town of Sharpsburg, Maryland, in the Battle of Antietam.  Robert E. Lee was the general for the Confederacy, however the Union won.

Battle of Antietam  This was an important victory for the Union because after they won, Britain stopped supporting the South.  The Confederacy would have to fight alone!

Robert E. Lee  Born and raised in Virginia  Rising star in the United States Army.  Was asked to fight for the North, but refused even though he did not believe in slavery.  Resigned from the United States Army.

Life for Soldiers  Photography allowed people to see what was happening on the battlefront.  Soldiers might march 25 miles a day.  They carried about 50 pounds of supplies.  They often wore out their shoes and fought in bare feet.  Food was not good.  Volunteers for the war decreased and each side passed draft laws.

Life for Soldiers  Draft – requires men of a certain age to serve in the military if they are called. However,  Confederates who owned more than 20 slaves could pay substitutes to take their place.  In the Union, men could pay $300 to avoid fighting in the war.

Life for Soldiers  A total of about 1 million Union and Confederate soldiers were killed or wounded.   Compared to 10,600 Patriots who were killed in the Revolutionary War.  Disease was the most common cause of death in the Civil War.

The Emancipation Proclamation  At first, the Civil War was not about slavery. Lincoln wanted to preserve the United States of America.  Eventually, he realized that the only way to preserve the Union was to make the abolition of slavery a goal of the war.

The Emancipation Proclamation  Many people thought it would divide the North and unite the South. Why?  Lincoln stated, “Slavery must die that the nation might live.”  On January 1, 1863, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation.  Moments before signing the proclamation Lincoln said, “I never in my life felt more certain that I was doing right.”

The Emancipation Proclamation – freed slaves in the Confederate states at war with the Union.  Since the Union did not control those states most African Americans remained slaves.  Free African Americans, such as Frederick Douglas, encouraged each other to join the Union Army.

African Americans in the War  In the beginning of the war, African Americans were not allowed to join the army, but served as cooks, servants, or workers.  They were allowed to join in 1862.

Women in the War  A Northern woman, Clara Barton – was a nurse and got the nickname “Angel of the Battlefield”.  She cared for wounded soldiers during the First Battle of Bull Run.  In 1881, she organized the American Association of the Red Cross to help victims of wars and natural disasters.

Women in the War  Southern women had to deal with shortages of supplies.  There were bread riots because food was so expensive and in short supply.  Women in the North and South did all they could for their soldiers.  They sewed clothing  rolled bandages  sold personal possessions  sent any food they could spare to the armies

The War Goes On  Soldiers in the North and South were worn out over the war:  lack of supplies  sleeping uncovered in the rain  delays in pay  deaths of family and friends  Some soldiers were refusing to go to war.