Starter What is the difference between an addition and condensation polymer? Write an equation for the polymerisation of two molecules of 3-hydroxypropanoic acid, HOOCCH 2 CH 2 OH

Addition Polymerisation L.O.: Compare condensation polymerisation with addition polymerisation. Suggest the type of polymerisation from a given monomer or pair of monomers, or a given section of a polymer molecule. Identify the monomer(s) required to form a given section of a polymer (and vice versa).

Q10 Polymers: Thursday 10/11/2011 EOMT 1.2 Tuesday 15/11/2011

Addition polymerisation of an alkene

Propene monomers forming poly(propene)

POLYMERISATION OF ALKENES SPOTTING THE MONOMER

L.O.: Describe the acid and base hydrolysis of polyesters and polyamides. Outline the role of chemists in the development of degradable polymers. Explain that condensation polymers may be photodegradable and may be hydrolysed. Breaking down condensation polymers

Biodegradable polymer is a polymer that breaks down completely into carbon dioxide and water. A degradable polymer: is a polymer that breaks down into smaller fragments, when exposed to light, heat or moisture.

Acid and base hydrolysis of the polyester Terylene

Acid and base hydrolysis of the polyamide nylon-6,6

LO:  Identify the functional groups in an aliphatic molecule containing several functional groups.  Predict properties and reactions of aliphatic molecules containing several functional groups.  Devise multi-stage synthetic routes for preparing aliphatic organic compounds. Organic synthesis of aliphatic compounds

Synthesis of 3-aminopropan-1-ol from 3 chloropropanal

Converting the aldehyde group to an alcohol functional group

Conversion of the halogenoalkane to the amine

Some important aromatic reactions

Week 9 © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Structures of benzene and 3-chloronitrobenzene

Week 9 © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Converting benzene into nitrobenzene

Week 9 © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Chlorination of an aromatic ring

Week 9 © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Explain that the synthesis of pharmaceuticals often requires the production of a single optical isomer. Explain that synthetic molecules often contain a mixture of optical isomers, whereas natural molecules often have only one optical isomer. Explain that the synthesis of a pharmaceutical that is a single optical isomer increases costs, reduces side effects and improves pharmacological activity. Describe strategies for the synthesis of a pharmaceutical with a single optical isomer.

Week 9 © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Stereoisomers of thalidomide

Week 9 © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Pharmacological activity depends on whether or not a drug can interact with a receptor site in a biological system.

Week 9 © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Structure of ibuprofen, used in many medicines to relieve pain