Injuries to the Tissues

Role of ATC 1. Recognize different types of injuries 2. Distinguish between levels of injury severity 3. Apply appropriate first aid and ongoing treatment

Levels of Organization Cells Organ Systems Tissues Organs

Cells Basic structural and functional unit of ALL living organisms. Cells divide to form tissues (specialization) Divide through meiosis and mitosis Meiosis – sex cell division Mitosis – all other cell division

Types of Cells Blood cellsNerve Cell Cardiac Muscle Cell

Skeletal muscles are stimulated by nerve impulses carried by motor neurons. The axon (A) that carries the impulse to little pads called motor end plates (B).

Types of Cells

Tissues A collection of similar cells that work together to perform a particular function Interstitial fluid – tissue fluid that occupies tiny spaces between cells Dehydration = not enough tissue fluid Edema (swelling) = too much tissue fluid

Types of Tissue 1. Epithelial Tissue (Skin) – lines outside and inside of the body and organs abrasions llacerations contusions

Types of Tissues 2. Connective Tissue “holds” things together provide framework –Examples: Soft –Adipose (fatty) –Tendons –Ligaments Hard –Osseous (bone) –Cartilage

Types of Tissues 3. Nerve Tissue – the communication highway from the CNS to the muscles, organs, and other various systems Composed of Neurons – Nerve cells

Types of Tissues 4. Muscle Tissue – allows muscles to produce movement and power Types –Skeletal (attaches to bones) –Cardiac (causes heart to contract) –Smooth (organs)

Superficial Injuries to Epithelial Tissue Abrasions – outer layer has been scraped off Laceration – jagged tear in the flesh Puncture Wounds – penetration of a sharp object Incision – clean, straight cut Avulsion – tissue is torn loose or pulled off Callus – thickened area of skin Blister – build-up of fluid under the skin Bites – occur from insects, reptiles, animals, and humans

Injuries to Tissues A.B. C.D.

Skin Infections and Conditions Tinea Pedis – (athletes foot) caused by fungus Hematomas – a blood-filled swollen area (goose-egg) Contusions – Injury received by a blow causing bleeding in the tissue (bruise)

Contusions Hematoma

Contusions: Treatment and Care Immediate Treatment (RICER) Rest Ice – applied for 20 minutes Compression – ace bandage Elevation Range of Motion Follow-up Treatment Continue to ice Mild stretching Protect area = donut-shaped pad over injury

Muscular System Over 600 muscles in the body All produce movement 3 Types of Muscle Tissue –Cardiac –Smooth –Skeletal

Skeletal Muscles Point of origin Point of insertion Attached to bones by tendons

Movements of Skeletal Muscles Plantar Flexion Dorsiflexion

PronationSupination Abduction Adduction

Flexion and Extension

Injuries to Muscle Tissue Muscle Strain – overstretching or tearing of the muscle –Usually where the tendon meets the muscle –Common sites: hamstrings, hip flexor, quadriceps, gastrocnemius –Classified in degrees: 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd Treatment RICE Stretching

Myositis Ossificans – condition in which calcium is produced within the muscle after a blow Treatment Send to physician for x-ray Use donut-shaped pad over area when returns

Tendonitis – inflammation of a tendon –caused by repeated stress & repetitive motions –microtears in tendon sheath Treatment RICE mild stretching

Healing Process