Body Structure and Function Organization of the Human Body

Lesson Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, students should be able to … List the organizational levels of the human body. Discuss the structural unit of the cell and briefly explain the function of each of its components.

Lesson Objectives List the systems of the body and identify the organs located in each system. List and explain the major functions of the organ systems that comprise the human body. Explain the differences between passive and active transport.

CellsCells TissuesTissues OrgansOrgans Organ Systems MoleculesMolecules AtomsAtoms Organization of the Body Handout

Atoms Consists of: Protons and neutrons

Elements Found in the Human Body FYI Protons, neutrons, and electrons form elements such as: Aluminum (Al) Carbon (C) Calcium (Ca) Hydrogen (H) Iron (Fe) Magnesium (Mg) Nitrogen (N) Oxygen (O or O 2 ) Phosphorous (P) Potassium (K) Sodium (Na) Zinc (Zn)

Molecules two or more atoms constant motion Can be solids, liquids, or gases

Molecules In water molecules (H 2 0), two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom are chemically joined together Water contains millions of molecules

Cells basic unit of life building block of the human body millions of different types

Cells In the Human Body Bone cells Nerve cells Fat cells Reproductive cells Skeletal muscle cells Blood cells Smooth muscle cells Though each cell has a unique function and feature, many features are recognized amongst all cells

Human Cell Activity Color Label

Human cell

Components of a Cell Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus

Cell Membrane The outer covering of the cell Helps maintain the cell’s shape Has the capability of allowing some substances to pass into and out of the cell

Cilia ▫Small hair-like projections that cover the cell’s surface ▫Aids in increasing the overall surface area of a cell ▫Works by propelling substances along a cell’s surface

Flagella ▫Tail-like structures that enable a cell to move through plasma, ▫Example: sperm cell

Cytoplasm Jelly-like substance Eighty percent water and generally clear in color, gel like Provides storage and work areas for the cell

Organelles Structures found within cytoplasm function and purpose to maintain vitality

Nucleus cell’s metabolism, growth, and reproduction the control center Holds the chromosomes of the cell

Tissues grouping of specialized cells which share the same function and purpose

Epithelial Tissue outer layer of skin, the surface of organs, and lining the walls of body cavities Forms ducts, tubes and parts of certain glands Arranged in a flat formation

Connective Tissue Most abundant of all the body tissues Can be liquid or gel- like and fills spaces between cells Functions include covering muscles, and connecting muscles to bones and bones to joints

Types of Muscle Tissue Voluntary (striated) ▫Form skeletal muscle ▫Controlled by a person’s will Involuntary (smooth) ▫Controlled by the autonomic nervous system

Types of Muscle Tissue (cont) Cardiac muscle tissue ▫Form the heart muscles ▫Under the control autonomic nervous system

Nerve Tissue Composed of neurons (nerve cells) Acts as the functional unit of the nervous system

Organs Composed of several types of tissue Work together as a unit Perform special functions

Critical Thinking Question 1.Why is the balance of electrolytes in the body so important?

Electrolytes carry electrical impulses to other cells Kidneys work to keep the electrolyte concentrations in the blood constant

Electrolytes in the Human Body Sodium (Na + ) Potassium (K + ) Chloride (Cl) Calcium (Ca) Magnesium (Mg) Bicarbonate (HCO 3 ) Phosphate (PO 4 ) Sulfate (SO 4 )