Human Systems Unit 5 – Systems That Control Your Body

Language Learning Goal Define: Nervous System Nerves Messages Cerebrum Sense Organs Action Voluntary/Involuntary Endocrine System Hormone

Content Learning Goal In this unit, we will learn which two organ systems control your body; what they do and what parts they use.

Your Brain Your brain is an organ that tells your body how to move. The brain, nerves and sense organs make up an organ system called the nervous system.

Brain Continued Your brain’s job is to send messages to different parts of your body. The messages travel through special tissues called nerves that make paths from your brain to all your different body parts.

Brain Continued Different parts of your brain control the different things you do. Look at the diagram on Page 127. Find the cerebrum. The cerebrum controls speech – the way you talk. It also controls the different parts of your body that move. What else does the cerebrum control?

Your Sense Organs Your brain sends messages to every part of your body and it also receives messages. What kinds of messages do you think it receives? Information about how things look and feel, etc. Certain organs get this information…they are called Sense Organs.

Sense Organs Continued Sense Organs send messages to the brain then the brain tells the body parts what to do. Your brain and sense organs are always sending messages back and forth and it happens in less than a second. Your main sense organs are your: nose, ears, eyes, tongue and skin. What types of information do those parts get?

Kinds of Action Your brain controls all your actions. Some actions like sitting or reading are voluntary…you do them because you want to. Your brain tells muscles in your body to move certain parts so you can sit. Other actions, like blinking your eyes, are involuntary. That means your body does them automatically…you don’t have to think about doing them.

Kinds of Action Continued Look at the list on Page 129. There are 7 actions. Which are voluntary and which are involuntary? (Do you have to think to do them?) Look at the picture on Page 129. What voluntary and involuntary actions do you think he is doing?

Your Endocrine System We have learned about the nervous system. Now we will learn about the endocrine system. It is another system that controls your body. This system is made up of endocrine glands scattered throughout your body. They make chemicals called hormones. Hormones make cells do certain things, such as use nutrients quickly or slowly.

Endocrine System Continued Look at the diagram on Page 130. This picture shows five important endocrine glands described on Page 130: –Pituitary –Thyroid –Adrenals –Pancreas –Gonads Pancreas

Endocrine Continued The hormones are carried to cells by another organ system…do you remember what organ system carries things from cells? Yes - The circulatory system! The hormones from the glands go into your blood. Your blood carries the hormones to the cells.

Glands in Action What do endocrine glands do? Answer the questions on Page 131 using the list of glands on the diagram on Page 130.

Review Answer Questions #1-5 on Page 132.

Brain Facts SIZE OF THE HUMAN BRAIN The average human brain weighs about 3 pounds. At birth, the human brain weighs less than a pound. It reaches its full size at about 6 years of age. NOURISHMENT OF THE BRAIN Although the brain is only 2% of the body's weight, it uses 20% of the oxygen supply and gets 20% of the blood flow. Blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, and veins) supply the brain with oxygen and nourishment, and take away wastes. If brain cells do not get oxygen for 3 to 5 minutes, they begin to die.

Activity Fill in the Brain Worksheet of the different parts of the brain. The following slide shows the five parts you need to remember. Make a poster drawing the different parts of the brain…label the cerebellum, cerebrum and medulla.

The Brain

Activities Try to say the colors you see out loud. Don’t read what they say…It is harder than it looks! Experiment time!