ICECS, Athens – December 15th 2010 On the receiver system feasibility for mobile DVB – S applications in the Ku – Band (10.7 – 12.75 GHz) An Introduction to the Design methodology A. Fouque 1, J – B. Bégueret 1, Y. Deval 1, D. Belot 2 1 IMS Laboratory – University of Bordeaux, France 2 Innovation & Collaborative Research, STMicroelectronics, Crolles, France ICECS, Athens – December 15th 2010

Outline Satellite Objectives : Contribution to the design of a low cost and low power Front – End to receive Digital Television on mobile handhelds ( laptop, multimedia player … ) Terminals Contents : Context and Motivations Presentation of the suggested demonstrator DVB – S standard and the system specifications Front – End feasibility Conclusion and perspectives ICECS 2010 A. Fouque

Satellite Earth Station How to receive TV on mobile devices ? ( 1 / 2 ) Satellite Satellite Earth Station MM Contents Primary Distribution Network IPDC Head End Terrestrial Repeater Broadcaster ICECS 2010 A. Fouque Demonstrator Context Specifications Feasibility Conclusion

Satellite Earth Station How to receive TV on mobile devices ? ( 2 / 2 ) Satellite Terminals Satellite Earth Station MM Contents Primary Distribution Network IPDC Head End Terrestrial Repeater Broadcaster ICECS 2010 A. Fouque Demonstrator Context Specifications Feasibility Conclusion

“ TV to Mobile ” : a lot of suitors ( standards ) ! 10.5 – 12.75 GHz DMB – T ( GB20600 – 2006 ) CMMB ( sTiMi ) Mobile DVB – S DVB – SH ( DVB – H ) T – DMB ( S – DMB ) ISDB – T ( OneSeg ) Mobile Telecom Above 1 GHz Below Terrestrial & Satellite Broadcast Terrestrial Broadcast DVB – H ( DVB – T ) S – DMB ( T – DMB ) MediaFLO ( Qualcomm ) UMTS MBMS / HSDPA ATSC M / H ( ATSC ) ICECS 2010 A. Fouque Demonstrator Context Specifications Feasibility Conclusion

Why satellite reception on mobile devices ? Advantages for receiving television via the Satellite : Diversity of TV programs ( hundreds of digital channels ) Optimum quality of digital sound and video Availability of High Definition ( HD ) broadcast programs Coverage of the whole European area Advantages of mobile television : Watching TV in motion ( in a car, a train … ) Watching live broadcasts without staying at home Having a light, compact device which allows the user to bring it whenever and wherever he wants.  Mobile television : its development is in going with great perspectives and future … Terminals ICECS 2010 A. Fouque Demonstrator Context Specifications Feasibility Conclusion

Mobile application issues and requirements Propagation environment : Multipath from terrestrial reflections Interferences and fading Doppler Effect  Optimal reception whatever the conditions Mobile application requirements : High level of integration ( compact ) High flexibility Low power consumption Low cost  Architecture and design improvements ICECS 2010 A. Fouque Demonstrator Context Specifications Feasibility Conclusion

Overall system description A classical receiver : Not appropriated for the targeted applications : high power consumption due to the use of 2 converters high cost large area ICECS 2010 A. Fouque Demonstrator Context Specifications Feasibility Conclusion

Overall system description The suggested demonstrator : To overcome the environmental problems : multi – path , lack of information, noisy signal, losses To meet the DVB – S requirements ICECS 2010 A. Fouque Demonstrator Context Specifications Feasibility Conclusion

Overall system description N – Array Antenna : Receive multiple signals ICECS 2010 A. Fouque Demonstrator Context Specifications Feasibility Conclusion

Overall system description N – Array Antenna : Receive multiple signals RF Front – End : Downconvert and recover the desired information ICECS 2010 A. Fouque Demonstrator Context Specifications Feasibility Conclusion

Overall system description N – Array Antenna : Receive multiple signals RF Front – End : Downconvert and recover the desired information Analog Processor [ 1 ]: - Calibrate the Front – End - Select the channel and demodulate the signal to baseband  SASP ~ Filter and Mixer behavior [ 1 ] F. Rivet, Y. Deval, J-B. Bégueret, D. Dallet, P. Cathelin, D. Belot, “The first experimental demonstration of a SASP-based full Software Radio receiver”, pp. 25 – 28, RFIC 2009 ICECS 2010 A. Fouque Demonstrator Context Specifications Feasibility Conclusion

Overall system description N – Array Antenna : Receive multiple signals RF Front – End : Downconvert and recover the desired information ADC converter : Finalize the Digital Signal Processing Analog Processor [ 1 ] : - Calibrate the Front – End - Select the channel and demodulate the signal to baseband  SASP ~ Filter and Mixer behavior ICECS 2010 A. Fouque Demonstrator Context Specifications Feasibility Conclusion

Overall system description  This work RF Front – End : Downconvert and recover the desired information  Innovative system due to phased array solutions, analog calibration, channel selection and baseband demodulation ! ICECS 2010 A. Fouque Demonstrator Context Specifications Feasibility Conclusion

DVB – S standard specifications Parameter Value RF band LB : 10.7 – 11.7 GHz HB : 11.7 – 12.75 GHz IF band LB : 0.95 – 1.95 GHz HB : 1.1 – 2.15 GHz LO frequencies LB : 9.75 GHz HB : 10.6 GHz Conversion Gain 56 dB In-band gain variation ± 4 dB SSB Noise Figure 0.6 dB Output IP3 + 15 dBm LO Phase Noise – 95 dBc / Hz @ 100 kHz Characteristics of Digital broadcasting systems using satellite : large frequency band to be received ( 1 – 2 GHz ) high channels selectivity ( many unwanted channel interferers )  5 or 6 transponders around 11.7 GHz : system bandwidth = 200 MHz source : T. Copani, «A 12-GHz Silicon Bipolar Dual-Conversion Receiver for Digital Satellite Applications» , JSSC, vol. 40, N°6, June 2005 ICECS 2010 A. Fouque Demonstrator Context Specifications Feasibility Conclusion

Methodology for studying the feasibility of the Front – End How to study the feasibility of the mobile HDTV Front – End ? Select the components nature and parameters Simulate the system performances ( Power Gain, Noise Figure, Linearity … )  To meet DVB – S requirements Solve issues from the thinking about the system feasibility Realize the design of critical blocks Set – up for the receiver simulation : ICECS 2010 A. Fouque Demonstrator Context Specifications Feasibility Conclusion

Methodology for studying the feasibility of the Front – End Diversity principle  Phased array block diagram with N active elements Combining signals coherently Combining noisy sources incoherently ( decorrelated sources ) Diversity principle Simplified Front – End ICECS 2010 A. Fouque Demonstrator Context Specifications Feasibility Conclusion

Receiver Power analysis Methodology for studying the feasibility of the Front – End Receiver Power analysis Output power ( linear ) expressed as : Theoretical total gain such as : for a N – array receiver ( here, N = 8 ) where comb_c : coupling coefficients Gn : gain of each receiver N : number of receivers where Pin , Out : total Input / Output power ( dBm ) Simulated Total gain VS. the system parameters : Total gain with Gain_mix = 10 dB Gain_LNA = 21 dB  G = 31 dB ICECS 2010 A. Fouque Demonstrator Context Specifications Feasibility Conclusion

Methodology for studying the feasibility of the Front – End Receiver Noise analysis ( 1 / 2 ) Friis formula expressed as : for a single receiver Theoretical total NF defined as : for a N – array receiver ( here, N = 8 ) Target NF = 0.6 dB where : (S/N)In , Out : Input / Output Signal to Noise ratios ( dB ) Simulated Noise Figure (NF) VS. the system parameters : with G_LNA = 21 dB G_mix = 10 dB  attainable with CMOS technology total NF Є [ 4 ; 5 ] dB with noisy antenna source total NF Є [ 3 ; 4 ] dB with noiseless antenna source  ICECS 2010 A. Fouque Demonstrator Context Specifications Feasibility Conclusion

Methodology for studying the feasibility of the Front – End Receiver Noise analysis ( 2 / 2 ) Friis formula expressed as : for 1 path Theoretical total NF defined as : for a N – array receiver ( N = 8 ) Target NF = 0.6 dB Simulated Noise Figure ( NF ) VS. the system parameters : with NF_LNA = 4 dB NF_mix = 9 dB when G_LNA > = 21 dB total NF ~ ~ 7 dB with noisy antenna source total NF ~ ~ 5 dB with noiseless antenna source Conclusion about the receiver noise analysis : Difficulty to meet the noise requirements : issue to be solved with design improvements and / or an additional block after downconversion ICECS 2010 A. Fouque Demonstrator Context Specifications Feasibility Conclusion

Receiver Linearity analysis Methodology for studying the feasibility of the Front – End Receiver Linearity analysis Total IIP3 expressed as : for 1 path for a N-array receiver ( N = 8 ) Total IIP3 VS. the system parameters : Target IIP3 = – 41 dBm optimal total IIP3 with Gain_mix = 10 dB IIP3_LNA = – 10 dBm  IIP3 = – 26 dBm  Improvement of the linearity thanks to diversity techniques … ICECS 2010 A. Fouque Demonstrator Context Specifications Feasibility Conclusion

Methodology for studying the feasibility of the Front – End Sum – up of the values for the overall system Gain improvement by 10 * log( N ) OIP3 improvement by 10 * log( N ² ) NF unchanged Parameter LNA Mixer One receiver Eight Receivers Gain ( dB ) 21 10 31 40 SSB Noise Figure ( dB ) 4 9 ~ 5 Input IP3 ( dBm ) – 10 – 5 – 26 – 17 Target Gain = 56 dB  Target IIP3 = – 41 dBm  Target NF = 0.6 dB  ICECS 2010 A. Fouque Demonstrator Context Specifications Feasibility Conclusion

Conclusion and Perspectives Status of this work : Feasibility of the suggested demonstrator in spite of some thinking about its implementation First prototype of antennas with promising first results Impossible to meet noise requirements because of technology limitations despite the increase of antennas number  Solution : to be improved with design enhancements and / or an additional block for reducing noise Average during the analog sampling ( patent pending ) ICECS 2010 A. Fouque Demonstrator Context Specifications Feasibility Conclusion

An Introduction to the Design methodology On the receiver system feasibility for mobile DVB –S applications in the Ku – Band ( 10.7 – 12.75 GHz ) An Introduction to the Design methodology Thank you for your attention ! ICECS 2010 A. Fouque Demonstrator Context Specifications Feasibility Conclusion