J200: Journalism and Mass Communications - Week V Manuscripts, Books, and Maps: The Printing Press and a Changing World

2 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002 ______________________________Fall 2003 News of the day….  Questions from last week’s class  Questions about newspaper critique assignment  “Schwarzenegger Prompts Role Reversal Among Media”Schwarzenegger Prompts Role Reversal Among Media  “Why wasn't Davis investigated too?”Why wasn't Davis investigated too?”  “Trying to Sell CD's by Adding Extras”Trying to Sell CD's by Adding Extras  “Sports Fan Is the Prize, or the Victim, in Cable Fight” “Sports Fan Is the Prize, or the Victim, in Cable Fight”  “Weblogs and Journalism: In-depth report” “Weblogs and Journalism: In-depth report

3 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002 ______________________________Fall 2003 Watch for necessary conditions for mass media gestation :  Production technology  Literate audience  Distribution system  Changes in the Infosphere

4 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002 ______________________________Fall 2003 Four Important Periods in the History of the Book  The 7th to the 9th century was the heyday of the church-produced "illuminated manuscript". "illuminated manuscript"  13th to 15th Century: The secularization of book production.  15th to 16th Century: The first printed books.  16th to 17th Century: New information is put into books; important consequences for European life and society. Source:

5 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002 ______________________________Fall th to 13th Century  7th to 13th Century: The age of religious "manuscript" book production.  Books in this period are constructed by hand,  Largely religious texts whose creation is meant as an act of worship.

6 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002 ______________________________Fall 2003 Scriptorium

7 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002 ______________________________Fall 2003 Illuminated manuscript

8 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002 ______________________________Fall 2003 Today’s Scriptorium: Christ in the Desert Illuminated MSS page texts/mshist.htm

9 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002 ______________________________Fall th – 15th Centuries  Canterbury Tales is written sometime between 1387 and Chaucer's death in Canterbury Tales  It is possible to see the beginning of the shift to secular concerns in religious works. The themes of the works are still religious but the secular world is beginning to intrude on the borders.intrude on the borders  Even quasi-religious books begin to show non- religious aspects of life: more realistic looking people and artifacts. The Visconti Hours is a 14th century book of hoursVisconti Hours

10 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002 ______________________________Fall 2003 The production of secular books is driven by two things: 1. The rise of universities in Europe, spreading from Italy. 2. The return of the crusaders in the 13th century, who bring with them texts from Byzantium. These books, written during the Greek and Roman periods in history, focus on this-world concerns.

11 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002 ______________________________Fall 2003 Gutenberg's innovation  Consider NOT the artifact per se, but the knowledge that can be mined from it.  How did it come to be?  Who made it?  For what reasons?  What were its effects?  Gutenberg Bible at the Ransom Center t/gutenberg/ t/gutenberg/

12 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002 ______________________________Fall th to 16th Century:  The first printed books. These are print versions of traditional works like the Bible, books of hours (prayer books) and the religious calendars.  Press & Bible: 1455 Frankfurt Book Fair, and cost the equivalent of three years' pay for the average clerk.  By 1495: 55 publishing houses throughout Europe  1500: approximately 35,000 book titles have been printed; some 10 million copies

13 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002 ______________________________Fall th Centuries  Watch for the themes converging….  Technologies  Infrastructure for production and distribution  Audience demand  Increasing secularization broadens market

14 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002 ______________________________Fall th -16 th Centuries  1450: A few newsletters begin circulating in Europe.  1495: A paper mill is established in England.  1560: Legalized, regulated private postal systems grow in Europe.  1609: First regularly published newspaper appears in Germany.

15 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002 ______________________________Fall th Centuries  1631: A French newspaper carries classified ads.  First printing presses in Americas: Mexico by 1542; Cuba, Peru = 1570s.  1639: In Boston, someone is appointed to deal with foreign mail.  1639: First printing press in the American colonies

16 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002 ______________________________Fall 2003 The Printing Press and a Changing World  1650: Leipzig has a daily newspaper.  1653: Parisians can put their postage-paid letters in mail boxes.  1659: Londoners get the penny post.  1661: Postal service within the colony of Virginia.  1673: Mail is delivered on a route between New York and Boston.

17 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002 ______________________________Fall 2003 The Printing Press and a Changing World  1689: Newspapers are printed, at first as unfolded "broadsides."  1696: By now England has 100 paper mills.  1698: Public library opens in Charleston, S.C.

18 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002 ______________________________Fall th Century  1704: A newspaper in Boston prints advertising.  1714: Henry Mill receives patent in England for a typewriter.  1719: Reaumur proposes using wood to make paper.  1727: Schulze begins science of photochemistry.

19 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002 ______________________________Fall th Century  1755: Regular mail ship runs between England and the colonies.  1770: The eraser.  1780: Steel pen points begin to replace quill feathers.  1785: Stagecoaches carry the mail between towns in U.S.

20 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002 ______________________________Fall th Century  1790: In England, the hydraulic press is invented.  1792: Mechanical semaphore signaler built in France. 1794: Signaling system connects Paris and Lille.  1792: Postal Act gives mail regularity throughout U.S.

21 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002 ______________________________Fall 2003