Recent scholarship suggests that the enlightened despots of Europe 1.represent a new type of monarchy that emerged in the eighteenth century 2.were affected little by Enlightenment ideas 3.were more “enlightened” than “despotic” 4.relished the opportunity to implement the ideas of the philosophes 5.had absolutely nothing to do with the philosophes or their ideas

The reign of Louis the XV was marked by 1.great military victories and a growing empire 2.a return to fiscal and social stability 3.vigorous and vital leadership on the part of the king 4.mounting debt and higher taxes 5.increasing public support for the monarchy

The political system of Great Britain during the eighteenth century can be described as 1.absolutist, with power solely in the hands of the king 2.oligarchic, with power concentrated in the hands of a few aristocrats 3.unstable, with limited leadership in the seat of government 4.balanced, with the sharing of power between the crown and Parliament 5.democratic, with power solely in the hands of the Parliament

Between the end of the sixteenth century and the eighteenth century, the economic center of Europe 1.remained in the Mediterranean 2.was balanced between the states of the Mediterranean and the Atlantic 3.shifted from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic seaboard 4.remained in the Atlantic seaboard 5.was land based

During his forty-six year reign, Frederick the Great of Prussia did not: 1.have the philosophe Voltaire tutor him at court 2.eliminate the use of torture except in cases of murder or treason 3.eliminate serfdom and restructure the Prussian class system 4.enlarge the army and use it in foreign policy disputes 5.make Prussia one of Europe’s great powers

Joseph II of Austria tried to demonstrate that philosophy was his lawmaker by 1.granting monopolies only to banks which hired people from all classes 2.permitting each part of his empire to speak its native tongue in court 3.letting Protestants worship freely in five cities of his kingdom 4.establishing the principle that all his subjects were equal before the law 5.imposing a system of tariffs and trade barriers

All rural reforms in Russia were halted and serfdom was expanded by 1.Peter the Great 2.Peter III 3.Catherine the Great 4.Ivan the Terrible 5.Alexander Romanov

Russia, Prussia, and Austria partitioned 1.Poland 2.Sweden 3.Serbia 4.the Balkans 5.Croatia

The War of the Austrian Succession was fought in all of the following locations except 1.India 2.North America 3.Prussia 4.Netherlands 5.China

The Seven Years’ War 1.saw Britain ally with Austria 2.was initiated by Russian incursions into Poland 3.saw much fighting in South America 4.led to the weakening of France 5.ended with Austria in control of Silesia

The most important factor in Europe’s dramatic eighteenth-century population growth was 1.a significant decline in the death rate 2.a doubling of the birth rate 3.improved diet 4.improved hygienic conditions 5.the elimination of smallpox and dysentery

In North America, the Seven Years’ War was known as the 1.War of Austrian Succession 2.Franco-British War 3.French and Indian War 4.Franco-Austrian War 5.Prussian and Indian War

Food production increased because of all of the following factors except 1.improvements in the climate 2.the availability of more farmland 3.better farming techniques 4.greater yield per acre 5.better and more livestock

The nature of European social organization in the eighteenth century can be best described as 1.based on new Enlightenment notions of equality 2.based on a person’s educational success 3.based on a person’s contributions to the social order 4.based on a person’s accumulation of wealth 5.founded on traditional “orders,” while Enlightenment thought sought to introduce reforms

By the end of the eighteenth century, 1.Rome was the largest city in Europe 2.the inhabitants of cities outnumbered rural residents 3.the urban poor resented the prosperity of agricultural regions 4.large cities offered educational and cultural opportunities 5.common folk held the bulk of political power in towns and cities