URBAN RESILIENCE PROJECT Presentation at LCG-DER   BANGLADESH URBAN RESILIENCE PROJECT Presentation at LCG-DER July 8, 2015

Background Bangladesh is one of the world’s most disaster prone countries. The country is highly exposed to a variety of hazards, such as floods, cyclones, tidal surges, and earthquakes The Government of Bangladesh has shown that proactively investing in Disaster Risk Management (DRM) saves lives, reduces economic losses, and protects development gains. GoB has successfully instituted disaster risk reduction policies and invested in infrastructure along coastal areas to mitigate the risk from floods and cyclones City-level actors are critical to the effort of developing resilient and live-able cities in Bangladesh. Creating an enabling environment for coordinated, locally-managed DRM is essential

Bangladesh is a leader in coastal resilience BACKGROUND Bangladesh context Bangladesh is a leader in coastal resilience

However urban resilience is lacking BACKGROUND Vulnerable Urban Infrastructure However urban resilience is lacking Brittle Flammable

Bashundhara City Fire 13 March, 2009, BACKGROUND Recent fires and collapses BSEC Building Fire, 26 Feb, 2007 Dead – 03, Injured - 55 Bashundhara City Fire 13 March, 2009, Dead – 07, Injured 35 Nimtoly Fire, 03 June, 2010 . Dead – 123, Injured 240 April 23, 2013: Dead – 1127, Injured - 2500

Rana Plaza collapse – crisis catalyzing change BACKGROUND Rana Plaza collapse Rana Plaza collapse – crisis catalyzing change The building houses factories for major clothing brands such as Benetton, Primark and Mango and other well known shops such as C&A, Matalan, and Wal-Mart Employs about 5,000 factory workers

BACKGROUND Rana Plaza collapse

Issues: Rana Plaza Collapse? BACKGROUND Rana Plaza collapse Issues: Rana Plaza Collapse? Lack of quality infrastructure Lack of urban emergency management system

Unregulated building construction BACKGROUND Rana Plaza collapse Unregulated building construction Approved as a 7-storied building but later constructed to 10 floors Original seven storied design did not comply to the Bangladesh National Building Code Material property varied from place to place - indicative of poor quality control The structural designers IEB no. mentioned in the drawings was fake (M/1016380)

Weak Emergency Response System BACKGROUND Rana Plaza collapse Weak Emergency Response System The Emergency Response System lacks: Accountability, including unclear chain of command and supervision Communication system, including system integration Orderly, systematic planning Predefined methods to integrate interagency requirements into the management structure and planning process

BACKGROUND Historical perspective … just like between 1870 and 1960

… just like between 1870 and 1960 BACKGROUND Historical perspective Boston Fire 1872 Great Boston Fire 1872: Boston’s largest urban fire, and still ranks as one of the most costly fire-related property losses in American history

… just like between 1870 and 1960 … just like between 1875 and 1925 BACKGROUND Historical perspective … just like between 1875 and 1925 … just like between 1870 and 1960 San Francisco Earthquake 1906 San Francisco Earthquake 1906

… just like between 1870 and 1960 BACKGROUND Historical perspective Tokyo EARTHQUAKE 1923 Tokyo Earthquake 1923 – Great Kanto Earthquake destroyed Tokyo

… just like between 1870 and 1960 BACKGROUND Historical perspective Chile EARTHQUAKE 1960 Tokyo Earthquake 1923 – Great Kanto Earthquake destroyed Tokyo

What caused these urban disasters? BACKGROUND Historical perspective What caused these urban disasters? Lack of responsiveness to the needs of citizens Poor implementation and enforcement of building codes Land plans were biased by rent seeking and lobbies Infrastructure to support emergency services was not well built Emergency service providers were not professionalized Experts believed cities were doomed to never improve These are the same challenges confronting cities like Dhaka and Sylhet today!

Addressing those Critical Issues The GoB has been working with the World Bank since 2012 in preparation for the planned investments addressing the aforementioned issues. This collaboration has been supported by the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR), to address seismic risk and the structural vulnerability of urban buildings and infrastructure. Urban Resilience Program (URP) was approved by the World Bank Board in March 2015 and signed by the Government and World Bank on June 30, 2015.

Urban Resilience Program (URP) The project development objective is to strengthen the capacity of Government of Bangladesh agencies to respond to emergency events and to strengthen systems to reduce the vulnerability of future building construction to disasters in Dhaka and Sylhet.

Project Objectives The project development objective will be achieved by: Enhancing national-level and local-level DRM facilities and agencies in Dhaka and Sylhet to effectively plan and respond to urban disasters. This will be achieved by developing disaster response systems, including emergency operations center, interoperability communication systems, rescue and search equipment, and related training and drills; Assessing the vulnerability of essential infrastructure, public facilities, and lifelines; Ensuring resilient construction by integrating disaster risk into development planning, and establishing the infrastructure to ensure an efficient process for land use and zoning clearance (e.g.: improved permitting systems and building code enforcement).

Project Implementation Structure (1) The Urban Resilience Project (URP) – Phase 1 will be implemented by the following Implementing Agencies: DDM: (1) Renovate and Outfit National-Level DRM Facilities; (2) Provide Training, Exercises and Drills to National-Level and Local-level Agencies Involved in DRM (US$15 million) DNCC (on behalf of DNCC, DSCC, SCC and FSCD): (1) Build, Renovate and Outfit Local-Level City Corporation and FSCD DRM Facilities; (2) Supply, Install and Integrate Specialized Emergency Management and Communications Technology (ECT) Equipment for DRM and Emergency Response within the National-Level and the Local-Level Agencies; (3) Supply Specialized Search and Rescue Equipment to Local-Level Agencies Involved in DRM (US$95 million)   RAJUK: (1) Conduct a Vulnerability Assessment of Critical and Essential Facilities and Lifelines; (2) Support the Development of a Risk-Sensitive Land Use Planning Practice in Dhaka; (3) Create and Operationalize an Urban Resilience Unit (URU) in RAJUK to Support DRR Mainstreaming and Improve Dhaka Urban Resilience; (4) Establish an Electronic Construction Permitting System; (5) Introduce a Professional Accreditation Program for Engineers, Architects and Planners; and (6) Improve Building Code Enforcement within RAJUK Jurisdiction (US$53 million) PCMU: (1) Project Coordination, Monitoring, and Evaluation (US$10 million) TOTAL: US$173 million

Project Implementation Structure (2) Sl. Component Sub-component Subcomponent Description Implementing Agency Total Cost (US$ m) 1   Component A: Reinforcing the Country’s Emergency Management Response Capacity A1 Renovate and Outfit National-Level DRM Facilities DDM 2.3 A2 Build, Renovate and Outfit Local-Level City Corporation and FSCD DRM Facilities DNCC 8 A3 Supply, Install and Integrate Specialized ECT Equipment for DRM and Emergency Response within the National-Level and the Local-Level Agencies 47.5 A4 Supply Specialized Search and Rescue Equipment to Local-Level Agencies Involved in DRM 39.5 A5 Provide Training, Exercises and Drills (TED) to National-Level and Local-level Agencies Involved in DRM 12.7 2 Component B: Vulnerability Assessment of Critical and Essential Facilities B1 Conduct a Vulnerability Assessment of Critical and Essential Facilities and Lifelines RAJUK 6.6 B2 Support the Development of a Risk-Sensitive Land Use Planning Practice in Dhaka 5.4

Project Implementation Structure (3) Sl. Component Sub-component Subcomponent Description Implementing Agency Total Cost (US$ m) 3 Component C: Improved Construction, Urban Planning and Development C1 Create and Operationalize a URU in RAJUK RAJUK 23.4 C2 Establish an Electronic Construction Permitting System 8.7 C3 Set Up a Professional Accreditation Program for Engineers, Architects and Planners 4.7 C4 Improve Building Code Enforcement within RAJUK Jurisdiction 4.2 4 Component D: Project Coordination, Monitoring, and Evaluation D PCMU 10 5 Component E: Contingent Emergency Response Component E   TOTAL 173

Urban Resilience Building Urban Resilience Integrating themes Law and Regulation Establishment Human Resources Development Disaster Management Information System Enforcement [Presenter’s Text] Disaster Response Capacity Disaster Management Capacity Institutional Arrangement

BANGLADESH: URBAN RESILIENCE PROJECT Swarna Kazi Disaster Risk Management Specialist World Bank skazi1@worldbank.org