Unit 4- Diseases Chapters 24.1/24.2

 Communicable Disease: A disease that is spread from one living thing to another through the environment  How do they spread?  Virus: Need a host to reproduce  The immune system will eventually kill these  Antibiotics DO NOT work against viruses  Bacteria: single celled microorganisms  Treated with antibiotics  They are EVERYWHERE!!! Communicable Disease

More Pathogens  Fungi-  Plantlike organisms (molds, yeasts)  Protozoans-  Similar to bacteria but larger  Rickettsia's-  Enter humans through insect bites (ticks, fleas, lice)

 Direct Contact  Touching, kissing, sexual contact  Passed from mother to child  Stepping on rusty nail  Indirect Contact  Contaminated objects- door handles, pencils, tables  Vectors- mosquito, flies, ticks  Water and food- undercooked foods, dirty water  Airborne  Sneezing, coughing Modes of Transmission

Communicable Diseases VIRUSESBACTERIAFUNGIPROTOZOANS Common Cold Influenza (Flu) Viral Pneumonia Viral Hepatitis Polio Mononucleosis Measles AIDS Chicken Pox Herpes Rabies Small Pox West Nile Food Borne Illness Strep Throat Tuberculosis Diphtheria Gonorrhea Pink Eye Lyme Disease Athlete’s Foot Ring Worm Yeast Infection Malaria Dysentery

Prevention Strategies  Wash hands regularly  Handle food properly  Avoid contact with people who are ill  Cover mouth when you cough or sneeze  Don’t share personal items with other people (tooth brush, utensils, beverages, etc.)

 A disease that is not transmitted by another person, a vector, or the environment  Some Non-Communicable diseases are chronic, meaning that they are present continuously or recur frequently over a long period of time.  Examples? Non-Communicable

 Disability: any physical or mental impairment that limits normal activities, including seeing, hearing, walking, or speaking.  Physical Impairments  Sight Impairment  Hearing Impairment – Profound Deafness: hearing loss so severe that a person affected cannot benefit from mechanical amplification  Motor Impairment Physical and Mental Challenges

 Mental Retardation: the below-average intellectual ability present from birth or early childhood and associated with difficulties in learning and social adaptation.  Genetic Disorders  Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Mental Challenges

 A law prohibiting discrimination against people with physical or mental disabilities in the workplace, transportation, public accommodations, and telecommunications. Americans with Disabilities Act