WORK SITE ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL MEASURES

Hazard Management Identifying Hazards Risk Assessment Risk Controls EvaluationReview Inspection / visit / Observation Incident / Near misses / Accident Frequency & Duration of Exposure Severity / Consequences Hierarchy of Controls Reassess hazard after control implemented Periodic review for continuous improvement (AUDIT) Continuous Improvement Cycle

WHAT IS WORK SITE ASSESSMENT Assessing the work site for health and safety hazards that potentially can harm the workers

Health and Safety Hazards Noise Vibration Radiation Lighting Heat Cold Fibres Dusts CHEMICAL Fumes Gases Aerosols Mists Liquids Vapours Bacteria Fungi Insects Viruses Manual handling Repetitive movement Restrictive working area PSYCHOLOGICAL Job stress Job monotony Unsociable hours Job organization ERGONOMICALBIOLOGICAL SAFETYPHYSICAL Fire/Explosion Electrocution Construction Transport safety Slips, trips & falls

WHY DO WORK SITE ASSESMENT Legislation Legislation Occupational Illness Report Occupational Illness Report Cluster of Cases or Illness Cluster of Cases or Illness Concerns Concerns

TYPES WORK SITE ASSESSMENT FOLLOW A PROCESS FROM START TO FINISH AUDIT A SINGLE CATEGORY OF ACTIVITY OR HAZARD AUDIT A SINGLE CATEGORY OF ACTIVITY OR HAZARD DETAILED INSPECTION SITE BY SITE DETAILED INSPECTION SITE BY SITE OR

How To Do Worksite Assessment Planning and Organising Planning and Organising Carry out inspection Carry out inspection Evaluation Evaluation Reporting Reporting

PLANNING AAND ORGANISING Visit by appointment Visit by appointment Check whether you will; Check whether you will; Be accompanied by someone responsible for health and safety Be accompanied by someone responsible for health and safety See someone who explain the process See someone who explain the process Have a chance to see representative activities Have a chance to see representative activities See documentation on health and safety See documentation on health and safety Do some preliminary research Do some preliminary research Identify the sort of hazards likely to be encountered Identify the sort of hazards likely to be encountered Legal standards that are likely to apply Legal standards that are likely to apply If visiting because of an individual’s complaint, discuss it first with the complainant If visiting because of an individual’s complaint, discuss it first with the complainant

INSPECTION Consider 5 P’s - Premise - People - Process - Product - Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Premise - Address, location - Purpose-built or converted building - reception - production - loading - stores - rest room - 1st aid room - accomodation - other welfare facilities - Condition of surrounding environment, housekeeping etc…

People -No. of workers - Foreign / locals - gender (male / female) - Status (manager, supervisor, labourer etc..) -Training?? -Proper PPE?? -Any health complaints (e.g., backache, contact dermatitis etc…) - sick leave data - personal file (pre-employement / regular medical)

Process - Types - automation (machines) - semi-automatic - manual - Machine guards? - Sevice and maintenance

Product - “Occupational Hygienist” main role - Raw material e.g, wood, PVC resin - Finished products - By-products e.g., wood dust - Waste products - (waste disposal)

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - Proper PPE for given task - Cleaning and maintenance of PPE - Training - Disposal

EVALUATION Involves : - Measurement of environmental paprameters such as temperature, humidity, lighting, noise, dust etc. using available hygiene instrument - Interpretation of results by comparing with available standards - Evaluation whether available control measures are adequate

REPORTING AND REVIEW - Report on site visit will be sent to the employer - CC of report to relevant authorities e.g., Labour dept. - Report will give recommendation on control measures - Details of inspection entered to the OHD database - Premise will re-inspected according to condition

CONTROL MEASURES ELIMINATIONSUBSTITUTIONENGINEERINGADMINISTRATIVE/PROCEDURAL PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) Most Effective Less Effective if this not practicable, then Hierarchy of Controls Measures if this not practicable, then

ELIMINATION Removal of the hazard from the workplace Removal of the hazard from the workplace Preferred method in controlling hazards Preferred method in controlling hazards E.g.,- Latex Allergy (Gloves) E.g.,- Latex Allergy (Gloves) - Manual handling - Leaded fuel

SUBSTITUTION Replacing a conventional material or process with a less harmful alternative Replacing a conventional material or process with a less harmful alternative E.g.,- Hypoallergenic surgical Gloves E.g.,- Hypoallergenic surgical Gloves - Use of machineries (hoist / mixer) - Unleaded fuel

ENGINEERING CONTROL Removing or isolating a hazard through technology Removing or isolating a hazard through technology Involves change to work environment and process Involves change to work environment and process Places barrier to the transmission path between work or environment and the hazard Places barrier to the transmission path between work or environment and the hazard E.g.,- Biological safety cabinets E.g.,- Biological safety cabinets - Pipettors - Barriers / Shield / Guard

ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL Implement or reinforce acts, policies, procedures and training Implement or reinforce acts, policies, procedures and training E.g.,- Standard operating procedures - Universal precautions - Signs / Labels - Training Programme - Shift / Duration of Exposure

Mandatory Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Provide information Provide information Assessment Assessment Infectious substances Infectious substances Inventory List Inventory List Legislative Requirements under: Legislative Requirements under: Poisons Act (CPA – HSA) Poisons Act (CPA – HSA) Environmental Pollution Control Act (NEA) Environmental Pollution Control Act (NEA) Guidelines on Risk Assessment for Occupational Exposure to harmful chemical (MCM) Guidelines on Risk Assessment for Occupational Exposure to harmful chemical (MCM)

A material safety data sheet (MSDS) is a form with data regarding the properties of a particular substance. An important component of product stewardship and workplace safety, it is intended to provide workers and emergency personnel with procedures for handling or working with that substance in a safe manner, and includes information such as physical data (melting point, boiling point, flash point, etc.), toxicity, health effects, first aid, reactivity, storage, disposal, protective equipment, and spill-handling procedures. MSDS formats can vary from source to source within a country depending on national requirements. MSDS (material safety data sheets) are a widely used system for cataloging information on chemicals, chemical compounds, and chemical mixtures. MSDS information may include instructions for the safe use and potential hazards associated with a particular material or product. These data sheets can be found anywhere where chemicals are being used. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS)

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) PPE should used as a last resort when engineering controls are not possible / practicable E.g., - Gloves - Lab coat / Gowns - Mask / Respirator - Shoes / Boots - Safety Glasses / Goggles / Face Shield

QUESTION AND ANSWER