1 The bees and the honey Looking behind the optimistic statistics Enwise Valorisation Conference, Tallinn, 9 September 2004 Camilla Gidlöf Women and Science Unit, European Commission

2 R&D Statistics in the Enwise countries  ETAN-report and Helsinki Group of Women and Science identified the need for statistics on women's participation in science in Europe  Statistical Correspondents established in 2000  Enwise countries involved in these two groups from the start  Statistics generally of good quality in Enwise countries

3 Latvia52% Lithuania47% Bulgaria46% Portugal44% Estonia43% Romania43% Greece41% Slovak Republic (1) 40% Sweden38% Poland38% Slovenia36% United Kingdom35% Spain35% Hungary33% Belgium (3) 30% Luxembourg (2) 30% Ireland29% Finland28% Italy27% Netherlands (1) 27% France27% Czech Republic27% Denmark26% Austria19% Germany (1)15% Percentage of women researchers gender balance 40-59% women gender imbalance 20-39% women % women major gender imbalance < 20 % women Germany: 15% women researchers Latvia: 52% women researchers Reference year: 2000 (EU-15) and 2001 (Enwise countries) Exceptions to reference years: EU-15: BE: 2001; DK (BES), DE (BES), EL, ES (BES), IE (GOV & BES), PT, SE (GOV): 1999; AT: 1998 Data missing: BE, NL (GOV & BES missing); LU, SE, UK (BES missing). Footnotes: (1) FTE as exception to HC: DE; IE (GOV + BES); NL (HES); SE (GOV); SK (2) Data provisional (3) Data not official

4 Percentage of women as researchers and FP evaluators

5 Women researchers in the Enwise countries in 2001 (%)

6 Women researchers in the Enwise countries plus France, Finland & Portugal in 2001 (HC)

7 Women in a wider employment perspective, 2002

8 Researchers across sectors, 2001

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10 Researchers across sectors, 2001

11 Women researchers by main field of science, 2000

12 Women researchers by main field of science, 2000

13 R&D expenditure per capita researcher by field of science, Euros per annum, HES + GOV, 2000

14 R&D expenditure per capita researcher by field of science, Euros per annum, HES + GOV, 2000

15 R&D expenditure per capita researcher by field of science, Euros per annum, HES + GOV, 2000

16 R&D expenditure per capita researcher by sector, Euros per annum,2001

17 Reference year: EU-15: 2000, Enwise countries: 2001 Source: Eurostat S&T statistics, * FTE as exception to HC Percentage of women researchers (headcount) compared to R&D expenditure per capita researcher (women & men) per annum

18 Honeypot scores by sector & field of science

19 Correlation between Honeypot scores by sector and Gross expenditure on R&D per capita Researcher, 2001

20 Gender Pay Gap Slovak Republic: Women´s salaries as a percentage of men´s salaries Lithuania: Monthly Gross Earnings 2001

21 Opening doors in Poland?

22 Particular characteristics of the context of R&D in Enwise countries that can be seen in the statistics  Higher representation of women among researchers than EU-15  Slightly higher participation of women in the labour force than in EU-15  Much higher proportions of women among Professionals (ISCO-2 ) than EU-15  Apart from Poland, Hungary and Romania populations, labour forces and research populations relatively small  R&D expenditure in absolute terms and per capita researcher far lower than in EU-15 in all countries except Slovenia

23 What did we learn?  Higher representation of women does not necessarily mean less inequality  Unequal access for women researchers to R&D funds  Need more information on gender pay gap Source: Lendvai, Ildikó (2002). ’Women on the stage and in the audience of politics’, Népszabdság, , Budapest “ OK ladies! Now those who vote for the future should raise their hands!”