WISUTIL - Main findings on salaries WISUTIL conference, Vienna, Austria September2011 Kea Tijdens (AIAS)

WageIndicator web-survey in 21 EU countries –for WISUTIL adapted to energy, water and waste –7 of 21 countries were “new” WageIndicator countries Recruitment –EPSU affiliates undertook recruitment actions –WageIndicator websites using teasers, inviting visitors working in energy, water or waste to complete the survey WISUTIL web-survey 26 September AustriaFranceNetherlandsSpain BelgiumGermanyPolandSweden BulgariaHungaryPortugalUnited Kingdom Czech RepublicIrelandRomania DenmarkItalySlovakia FinlandLuxembourgSlovenia

Initial database –all respondents in energy (electricity and gas), water and waste –from January 2007 to July 2011 in 21 countries Data used for wage analyses –only countries with at least 50 cases with valid data on wages –-> 5,361 cases from 13 European countries WISUTIL data 26 September Belgium (662)France (66)Netherlands (1046)United Kingdom (426) Czech Republic (317)Germany (1155)Poland (204) Denmark (66)Hungary (116)Spain (579) Finland (461)Italy (98)Sweden (165)

Comparability across countries 1)in WageIndicator data, hourly wages are computed, using the contractual or – if missing – the usual working hours / wage 2)hourly wages are converted into “standardized US dollars”, thus converted into one currency & controlled for purchasing power parity 3)the standardized hourly wages from 2007, 2008 and 2009 are converted into “standardized US dollars_2010”, using an EU database about annual percentage changes in hourly wages of employees 4)for a better understanding, the “standardized US dollars_2010” are then converted into “standardized German Euro_2010” 5)for comparisons, we use median wages, that is the wage of the middle case, when wages are ranked from high to low Wage measurement 26 September

in all countries median wages in energy, water & waste (blue) –are higher than national median wages (pink), but not in Finland –are higher than public sector median wages (red), but not in Denmark, Finland, and Netherlands –are higher than median wages in manufacturing (green), but not in Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Netherlands, and Sweden Median hourly wages per country 26 September

Distribution over wages categories per country –in Czech Republic and Hungary: largest group earns Euro (blue) –in all other countries: largest group earns Euro (red) –in Denmark, Germany, UK: one in four earns Euro (green) –in Germany, UK: one in ten earns Euro (pink) Hourly wages per country 26 September

Median wages per sub-sector per country –highest for energy (red), then water (green), lowest for waste (pink) –in Czech Rep. wages in waste are 60% of wages in energy (UK 66%) –in Belgium, Italy, Netherlands and Sweden more than 90% –other countries in between Wages per sub-sector 26 September

Median wages in the public sector (red) –are lower than in the private sector (blue), but not for Spain –difference is < 10% in Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherl., Sweden –difference is % in Belgium, Czech Rep., Denmark, Poland –difference is around 30% in Hungary, United Kingdom Wages by private – public divide 26 September

–highest for group (1) managers, professionals and technicians (blue) –middle for group (3) craft workers, operators and unskilled workers (green), but not for Spain –lowest for clerical staff and sales persons (red), but not for Czech Republic, Finland and Netherlands Wages by occupational group 26 September

–median wages are highest in the largest establishments (green) and lowest in the smallest establishments (blue) –in Hungary and Czech Republic differences between large and small establishments are highest (61% respectively 51%) Wages by establishment size 26 September

–all countries, men (blue) have higher median earnings than women (red) but not in France and Italy, women earn 7% resp. 1% more than men –in Poland and Spain, women earn 25% less than men –in Germany and UK, women earn 20% resp. 18% less than men –in remaining countries, the gap is below 12% Wages by gender 26 September

–holiday allowances (blue) are most common benefit -> in Belgium, Finland, Netherl. and Sweden: seven in ten workers –year-end benefits (red) -> most frequent in Belgium (six in ten); in Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Poland, UK three in ten –profit shares (green) are not very common -> in Germany three in ten, in France and Poland two in ten –performance bonuses (pink) are not very common -> in Czech Republic, Denmark, Italy, Poland three/four in ten Benefits 26 September

–dirty/ dangerous work allowances (blue) are rarely reported -> France: 1 in 10 –shift / unsocial hours / weekend allowances (red) more frequent reported -> Denmark: 3 in 10 -> Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary, Italy: 2 in 10 –overtime payments (green) most frequent in: -> Denmark, Italy, United Kingdom: 2 in 10 Allowances 26 September

NO –ranking from 1=lowest to 13=highest wages (red) and ranking of benefits (blue) are not related Lower wages, higher bonusses? 26 September

Thank you for listening! Comments invited The end 26 September