INDIA REVIEW – PART 2 REMINDER: ESSAY TEST TOMORROW WARM UP: WHICH PROMPT (1-6, P. 104) ARE YOU PLANNING TO WRITE ON TOMORROW? * PUT THE PROMPT IN YOUR OWN WORDS Welcome! October 10, 2012

What was the unemployment situation? Three 5-Year Plans  1 st : Increase agricultural production  Punjab v. Calcutta  25% the first year, 20% more after that  2 nd : Increase industrial production  Steel mills + infrastructure developments  3 rd : Increasing self-sufficiency

How was gender dealt with? Repatriation of refugee women Dowry deaths Increase in women voting Women in government Hindu Code Bill  Conservative Opposition  Religious v. secular state  Became series of acts: Hindu Marriage Act, Hindu Succession Act, and other minor bills

Health Health: 1950, avg. life expectancy was 32 years  Eventually reached early 60s Few doctors, hospital beds  Increased 165% Polluted cities, water, infection High growth rate  Decreased death rate with steady birth rate  Birth control vs. tradition + illiteracy

Education Only 16% literate in 1947; 24% in 1964 Nehru: Democracy needs literate, educated people Free, required education to age 14  Harder to enforce in rural areas  More success in universities and technical schools

Social Welfare Focus on economic development as the solution Targeted efforts at local, village level to increase participatory democracy and ownership Plan hurt by council leaders serving their own interests

Language Language, Ethnicity, & Religion all linked Use of English debated. Some small states within India recognized  Nehru’s balancing act to avoid violence and fragmentation

Caste Caste system was based on Hinduism but practiced by almost all in India Untouchables discrimination included: no water, umbrellas, certain clothes, use of roads, etc Constitution guarantees equality  20% of parliament reserved for “untouchables” (AKA dalits)  Targeted efforts to reach rural dalits  Enforcement hard + some saw as affirmative action and so violence actually increased!  Some say Nehru focused too much on plans and too little on changing values

Prompt Sharing Write down 3 things you will discuss in your essay tomorrow. When directed, move to tables for each prompt (1-6) and share your understanding of the question and what you plan to write about. Your goal is to increase your own understanding and help each other cover the most important points.