The End of the Cold War Nixon’s Administration

Cold War Review Who were the Presidents that were involved in the Cold War that we have learned about so far? Truman Eisenhower JFK LBJ Nixon Ford Carter Reagan

Cold War Review Who were the Soviet Premiers that were involved in the Cold War that we have learned about so far? Stalin Khrushchev Brezhnev Gorbachev

Cold War Review What was the policy that the United States used during the Cold War? Containment What was the theory that the United States believed in that justified the use of containment? The Domino Theory What year did the Cold War begin and when would it eventually end? 1945 to 1991

Election of 1968 Hubert HumphreyRichard NixonGeorge Wallace Richard Nixon & Spiro Agnew win

Nixon & Foreign Issues 1.Vietnam 2.China 3.The Soviet Union

What was Nixon’s strategy for exiting Vietnam? QUESTION.

Ending the War in Vietnam The United States had a “moral dilemma” on its hands. If the nation stayed in Vietnam? Loss of American life would continue, people would remain unhappy at home. If the nation left Vietnam immediately? Breaking a promise to South Vietnam, admitting defeat in the area, lose respect as a superpower, and soldiers died for nothing. BUT Vietnamization was doomed to fail. “One North Vietnamese negotiator asked Henry Kissinger how Nixon’s plans for the South Vietnamese to conduct their own defense could succeed when America had not been able to prevail in the war with a half million of its own troops. This question foreshadowed the inevitable end to the conflict.” In 1973: The United States ends military involvement in Vietnam In 1975: Saigon falls to the North Vietnamese

China & The USSR

Since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the Soviet Union and China did not get along. Why do you believe this would happen despite both being communist and superpowers?

The United States & China “In spite of its hardline, anti-West posture, China also welcomed opening lines of communication with the United States in order to develop an ally against the Soviet Union, whom [China] had come to distrust as much or more than it distrusted America. ” Outcome? The United States recognized the government in Peking (Beijing) and began to trade with each other.

The United States & China In Feb 1972, President Richard Nixon became the first President to visit the People’s Republic of China. "The Week That Changed The World"

The United States & The USSR “In May of 1972, just three months after his China visit, Nixon again had an opportunity to exercise his negotiating abilities… [The USSR] approached Nixon about nuclear reduction talks, but [their] real agenda was that the USSR needed to purchase U.S. grain, and [they] were deeply concerned that the new U.S. - China relationship would leave Russia out in the cold.” Outcome? The United States recognized the government in Peking (Beijing) and began to trade with each other.

The United States & The USSR Nixon would fly to Moscow and negotiate on nuclear reduction, trade, and more. Nixon & Brezhnev

What is the term we use to describe Nixon’s actions resulting in the relaxation of tension between governments? QUESTION. Detente

The United States & The USSR What came from Nixon’s trip to Moscow? 1.$750 million deal on wheat, corn, and grain. 2.The Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I) was signed. Agreement to stop production on nuclear ballistic missiles. However, the arms race would NOT end due to SALT I.

By 1974… South Vietnam was falling The Middle East was unstable Communism was spreading to South America Soon, the monumental Nixon/Kissinger team would fade from the scene and exit the world stage forever.

Nixon & Domestic Issues 1.The Government 2.The South 3.Space 4.The Environment 5.Stagflation 6.Watergate

Nixon & Domestic Issues The GovernmentThe South Nixon believed the federal government had too much power & responsibility. New Federalism was his answer. To combat what Nixon believed was a “liberal” Supreme Court, Nixon appointed new Supreme Court judges. Consequence? The new judges did not have to side with Nixon once appointed. Nixon wanted to tweak Johnson’s Great Society. How? Nixon’s “Southern Strategy” His goal? To win over the southern Democrats who voted for Wallace in the 1968 Election. Would he succeed? Yes & No. Examples of the Burger Court’s Rulings? Ruled that the death penalty was unconstitutional Upheld the ruling in Roe v. Wade

Nixon & Domestic Issues SpaceThe Environment In 1962, JFK promised to get America on the moon before the end of the decade. On July 20 th, 1969? Apollo 11 reaches the moon carrying Buzz Aldridge & Neil Armstrong.Neil Armstrong Back on earth… The impact of industrial pollutants on wild & human life raised concern. Nixon’s Administration created: Environmental Protection Agency Clean Air Act of 1970 Endangered Species Act of 1973 Consequences? Without raising taxes the federal deficit grew even larger.

Stagflation A “shock” to the system in the supply category. In this case? The Oil Embargo during the 70s. Inflation rates rose from 9% (1973) to 12% (1974) and would stay in the double digits through the 70s & 80s. STAGNATION + INFLATION = STAGFLATION Consequences? Well, what do people do when they need more money? HIGHER UNEMPLOYMENT. What causes it?

Watergate A Quick Review