Joining the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD) ETD Project Team Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA The Worldwide ETD Initiative:

PIs: Ed Fox - Computer Science John Eaton - Graduate School Gail McMillan - Library GRAs: Neill Kipp - Computer Science Paul Mather - Computer Science Infrastructure: Network Virginia (vBNS, Internet 2) Blacksburg Electronic Village ETD Team

ETD Initiative SGML (1985) PDF (1992) DL (1994) Library Cancellations (1988) University Scholarly Electronic Pub. (1988) Info. Literacy (1995) Graduate Education Internet (1984) WWW (1994) Multimedia (1986)

Media ETD Web Site ETDs Got Your Interest? Graduate Students Chronicle NPR NY Times... U. Laval

What are the key ideas? F People can switch to electronic documents –Becoming more expressive with hypermedia F Mandating ETDs will change all future scholarship F Scalability –Empower authors to submit to DL, as a natural part of the educational process –Study workflow & apply automation, so institutions streamline processing and build their part of the DL –Federate along most suitable cultural/political lines

Key Ideas: Networked infrastructure Scalability Education is the rationale University collaboration Workflow, automation Authors must submit Maximal access PDF, SGML, MM Standards Federated search 8th graders vs. grads MARC, DC, URNs

What led to today’s meeting? F 1987 mtg in Ann Arbor: UMI, VT, … F 1992 mtg in Washington: CNI, CGS, UMI, VT and 10 universities with 3 reps each F 1993 mtg in Atlanta to start Monticello Electronic Library (MEL): SURA, SOLINET F 1994 mtg in Blacksburg re ETD project: std of PDF + SGML + multimedia objects F 1996 funding by SURA and US Dept. of Education (FIPSE) for regional, national projects (NDLTD)

F Aiding universities to enhance grad educ., publishing and IPR efforts: to help improve the availability and content of theses and dissertations F Educating ALL future scholars so they can publish electronically and effectively use digital libraries (i.e., are Information Literate and can be more expressive) What are we doing?

What are the benefits? F Save students money F Save handling, shelf space in libraries F Build the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations: with faster, broader, and less expensive access F Demonstrate how universities can work together directly (vs. indirectly through publishers or associations)

What are the long term goals? F 400K US students / year getting grad degrees are exposed / involved F 200K/yr rich hypermedia ETDs that may turn into electronic portfolios F Dramatic increase in knowledge sharing: lit. reviews, bibliographies, … F Services providing lifelong access for students: browse, search, prior searches, citation links

F Record all work with NDLTD, return to prior situation, prepare bibliography F Powerful (multilingual, text, image) searching, browsing (with categories), following citation links F Support collaboration with others in same field: help with literature review, sharing tools and data sets, applying their methods Grad Student Workstation?

How are ETDs being done at Virginia Tech? F Some produced w. SGML (XML) F Most produced using standard word processing packages as PDF files – LaTeX class, outline fonts – Word template, PDFwriter F Reviewed by the Graduate School F Cataloged and archived by the library F Ds downloaded by UMI from server

NDLTD Computer Resources Research Literature Student Prepares Thesis or Dissertation

Student Defends and Finalizes ETD My Thesis ETD

Student Gets Committee Signatures and Submits ETD Signed Grad School

Graduate School Approves ETD Student is Graduated Ph.D.

Library Catalogs ETD and New Students Have Access to the New Research WWW NDLTD

Status of the Local Project F Approved by university governance Spring 1996; required starting 1/1/97 F Submission & access software in place F Submission workshops for students (and faculty) occur often: beginner/adv. F Faculty training as part of Faculty Development Initiative F Over 1000 ETDs in collection by 4/98

Statistics F 30-40K accesses/week to WWW site F 300K accesses of ETD HTML pages –80K downloads of PDF version of ETDs –5 most popular ETDs: 10K, 8K, 2800, 2500,... F Multimedia content: about 65% have some –45% have images, 5% have movies –1 w. 85 VRML files, 1 w. 378M Director file F See details: F OCLC has about 3.5M TD MARC records F UMI Dissertation Abstracts has 1.5M entries

Initial Stats Total successful requests:37,171247,573 Average successful requests per day: Requests for.PDF files ( full ETDs): 4,600 72, 854 Requests for.HTML file28,225129,831 Distinct hosts served 9,015 22,725 Total data transferred: 3,229M 25,953M Average data transferred per day: 9,038K 73,574K

Popular Works Seevers, Gary L. Identification of Criteria for Delivery of Theological Education Through Distance Education: An International Delphi Study (Ph.D., Educational Research and Evaluation, April 1993; 1353Kb) 432 Hohauser, Robyn Lisa. The Social Construction of Technology: The Case of LSD (MS in Science and Technology Studies, Feb. 1995; 244Kb) 390 Childress, Vincent William. The Effects of Technology Education, Science, and Mathematics Integration Upon Eighth Grader's Technological Problem-Solving Ability (Ph.D. in Vocational and Technical Education, July 1994; 285Kb) 310 Kuhn, William B. Design of Integrated, Low Power, Radio Receivers in BiCMOS Technologies (Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering, Dec. 1995; 2Mb) 287 Sprague, Milo D. A High Performance DSP Based System Architecture for Motor Drive Control ( MS in Electrical Engineering, May 1993; 878Kb) 165 Wallace, Richard A. Regional Differences in the Treatment of Karl Marx by the Founders of American Academic Sociology (MS in Sociology, Nov. 1993; 479Kb) 150 McKeel, Scott Andrew. Numerical Simulation of the Transition Region in Hypersonic Flow (Ph.D. in Aerospace Engineering, Feb. 1996; 3Mb)

Popular Works Liu, Xiangdong. Analysis and Reduction of Moire Patterns inScanned Halftone Pictures (Ph.D. in Computer Science, May 1996; 6.6Mb) 7656 Petrus, Paul. Novel Adaptive Array Algorithms and Their Impact on Cellular System Capacity (Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering, March 1997; 5Mb) 2781 Agnes, Gregory Stephen. Performance of Nonlinear Mechanical, Resonant-Shunted Piezoelectric, and Electronic Vibration Absorbers for Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Structures (Ph.D. in Engineering Mechanics, Sept. 1997; ? Kb) 2492 Gonzalez, Reinaldo J. Raman, Infrared, X-ray, and EELS Studies of Nanophase Titania (Ph.D. in Physics, July 1996; 4607Kb) 1877 Shih, Po-Jen. On-Line Consolidation of Thermoplastic Composites (Ph.D. in Engineering Mechanics, Feb. 1997; 3.3Mb) 1791 Saldanha, Kevin J. Performance Evaluation of DECT in Different Radio Environments (MS in Electrical Engineering, Aug. 1996; 3.2Mb) 1431 DeVaux, David. A Tutorial on Authorware (MS in CS, April 1996; 2.3Mb) 1394 Kuhn, William B. Design of Integrated, Low Power, Radio Receivers in BiCMOS Technologies (Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering, Dec. 1995; 2518Kb)

International Use   8502,922 United Kingdom  6082,501 Australia  3462,378 Germany  7132,367 Canada  3871,264 South Korea  4631,161 France  1831,130 Brazil  Thailand  Greece

Universities that have Expressed Interest in the Project F Cal Tech F Duke Univ. F George Mason U. F Mississippi State F Oklahoma State F Penn State F Portland State F Tech. U. Munich F Texas A & M F Texas Womens U. F Univ. Arizona F Univ. Colorado F Univ. Texas at Austin F Univ. Umea (Sweden) F Washington State

Universities Visiting / Visited by Virginia Tech Staff F Auburn F CMU F Columbia F Drexel U. F Florida Int’l Univ. F Georgia Tech F James Madison U. F MIT F (Nat’l Lib. Canada) F Nat’l Univ. Singapore F New York U. F Ohio State U. F Rice Univ. F Rutgers Univ. F San Jose State U. F Stanford Univ. F Tech. Univ. Portugal F U. Alabama u U. Alabama Birmingham u U. CA Berkeley u U. CA Santa Barbara u U. Central Florida u U. Delaware u U. Denver u U. Florida u U. Ill. Urbana Champaign u U. Michigan u U. NC Charlotte u U. North Florida u U. Pennsylvania u U. Utah u Virginia CommonwealthU. u William & Mary

Universities Officially Part of NDLTD F U. Laval (Canada) F U. Maine F U. of New South Wales (Australia) F U. of South Florida F U. of Tennessee, Knoxville F U. of Tennessee, Memphis F U. of Virginia F U. Waterloo (Canada) F U. Wisconsin - Madison F Vanderbilt U. F Virginia Tech F West Virginia U. F Wilfrid Laurier U. (Canada) F Clemson University F Concordia University (Illinois) F Darmstadt U. of Tech. (Germany) F Florida Institute of Tech. F Gyeongsang National U. (S. Korea) F Michigan Tech F Naval Postgraduate School F North Carolina State U. F Rhodes U. (South Africa) F Rochester Institute of Tech. F University of Florida F University of Georgia F University of Guelph (Canada) F University of Hawaii, Manoa

Who are sponsors / cooperators? F Funding, Donations of hardware/software –SURA –US Dept. of Education (FIPSE) –Adobe Systems –IBM –Microsoft –OCLC F Letters about making ETDs accessible –ACM; Elsevier Science; IEEE-CS F Joined NDLTD –CIC (Big 10) HQ; CNI F Others Serving on Steering Committee –CGS, National Lib. Canada, SOLINET, UMI, UTOG (UK),...

How does this relate to UMI? F 1987 UMI workshop to explore ETDs F Support letter for US Dept. of Ed. proposal F Steering and technical committee membership F ProQuest Direct pilot of scanning works started 1/1/97 F Collaborating on: – accepting electronic author submissions – standards (e.g., representation), research

ETD Initiative (and UMI) Students Learn about DL, EPub TDs become more expressive N. Amer. (T)Ds are accessible, archived Global TDs become more accessible, archived UMI Universities

User Search Support Note: Above are illustrative, in some cases potential.

Interoperability Tests Planned F IBM DL: donated equipment, technical support, powerful IPR (see TOIS, D-Lib) F Z39.50: OCLC SiteSearch / VT tailored s/w –university libraries w. catalogs of freely shared MARC records pointing to archival copies –via URNs: handles & PURLs F Dienst / NCSTRL - CS depts., DARPA, NSF, CNRI, Cornell - UVA is working on extensions for ETDs - Portugal is studying use for Europe - VT is working on Dienst to Z39.50 gateway

Access Approaches F Goal: Maximize access and services, e.g., by encouraging: F UMI centralized services F Distributed service: Dienst, Z39.50 F Regional services (e.g., CIC, MEL) F Local servers with browse, search – From local catalogs to local archives F WWW robot indexing and search services

Why might your university want to be involved? F To improve graduate education / better prepare your students F To unlock university information F To save money for students and for the university / improve workflow F To build an important digital library supported by SURA, FIPSE

How can your university get involved? F Select planning/implementation team – Graduate School – Library – Computing / Information Technology – Institutional Research / Educ. Tech. F Send us letter, give us contact names F Adapt Virginia Tech solution – Build interest and consensus – Start trial / allow optional submission

Contact Our Project Team Phone Call Visit Video Tape

Convene Local Planning Group ETD

Join NDLTD: Get a CD-ROM WE JOIN Signed Letter ETD CD-ROM

Build Your ETD Site Digital Library Policies Inspection/Approval Workshop/Training ETD

Type 1 Members University Requires ETDs F Adobe Acrobat and/or SGML tools F Automated submission & processing F Archive/access through UMI, (OCLC,) Virginia Tech,... F (Local) WWW site, publicity F (Local) Assistance provided as requested: , phone, listserv(s)

Type 2 Members University Agrees to Require ETDs F Like Type 1 but set date not reached F Usually has an option or pilot F May: wait for new AY; start with all who enter after; … F Build grass roots support – Advisory committee: representative? expert? – Champions to spread by word of mouth – Approval: Senates, Commissions, Deans, Students – Publicity to reach community

Type 3 Members Part of University Requires ETDs F Often required when no Graduate School or when university is highly distributed F WWW site, submission software, change practices in graduate school and library F Seeks to broaden interest at University F Will train and assist students

Type 4 Members University Allows Submissions F Exploring arrangement with local library, OCLC, VT and/or UMI re archival services F Shares MARC records, with URNs pointing to archive copy F (Stock laboratories) F (Run servers: search, URN) F (Launch evaluation program)

Type 5 Members University Investigating or Has Pilot F Can benefit from other members shareware or data resources F Can study reports prepared earlier by other types of members F Can benefit from services provided to NDLTD members

Type 6 Members University Consortium Supports ETDs F May join as whole or also may have individual universities join too F Example, CIC Hq joined, and U. Wisc. Madison plans to require F Fits in case where national library or other gov group will play lead role (e.g., Portugal, Russia)

Type 7 Members Non-University Organization Supports ETDs F Allows those that contribute to be recognized F Should fit those on Steering Committee or Technical Advisory Committee F Should work for government agencies, corporations, associations,...

Support Services Developed F WWW site with > 300 Mbytes, CD F Automated submission system F Student guidelines, style sheets, training materials, FAQs, press info F SGML DTD for ETDs F SGML to HTML (web generator) F LaTeX, Word templates, converters F Multimedia educ. materials, Videotape

Support Offered F Software, documentation, tech support F , listservs -eval, -grad, -library, -technical) F Donations: Adobe, Microsoft F Evaluation: instruments, analysis F (Temporary storage / archiving) F (Aid - in setting up an international service and archive)

Relationship with publishers F Concern of faculty and students that still wish to publish books or journal articles, voiced: campus, Chronicle, NPR, Times F Solution: Approval Form gives students, faculty choices on access, when to change access condition; use IPR controls in DL F Solution: by case, work with publishers and publisher associations to increase access – AAP, AAUP – AAAS, ACM, ACS, Elsevier,...

Some responses from publishers F ACM: need to acknowledge copyright F Elsevier: need to acknowledge copyright F IEEE-CS: endorse initiative F AAAS: Science wants first publication F Textbook publishers: different market, manuscript significantly reworked F General: restricting access to local campus will not cause any problems

Future Work F Working with publishers to increase level of access as much as possible F Interoperability tests among universities and with UMI to provide integrated services F Study with testbed that emerges, to improve information retrieval, browsing, interface, and other types of user support F Evaluation, improving learning experience, spread to worldwide initiative, sustainable support and coordination